{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:05:39Z","timestamp":1774551939285,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,21]],"date-time":"2005-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4464,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sonographic diagnosis of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) has been enhanced by the recognition of associated brain and skull anomalies. Previous reports have found these anomalies to be accurate in predicting spina bifida after 16 weeks' gestation, and an inverse correlation was suggested between the presence of these sonographic markers and gestational age. Therefore, we assumed that early second\u2010trimester sonography would be at least as accurate as that performed after 16 weeks' gestation. To examine this hypothesis, we looked for the presence of these cranial sonographic markers suggestive of open NTDs in 8011 low\u2010risk cases, using transvaginal sonography (TVS), between the 12th and 17th week of gestation (menstrual age). Fetal NTDs were identified in ten cases (l.25%o). The NTDs were cervico\u2010cranial in three, lumbo\u2010sacral in six, and thoracal in one of the ten cases. None of the seven cases examined was dyskaryotic. Cerebellar dysmorphism, \u2018banana\u2019 sign, cerebellar absence, and hypoplasia were detected in all the low NTDs, usually before the detection of the spinal lesion. All the sonographically diagnosed malformations were confirmed by post\u2010abortal examination except in one case, where the patient decided to continue the pregnancy and refused follow\u2010up. We therefore conclude that transvaginal sonographic examination of the fetal skull before the 17th week of gestation is an accurate method for the detection of low NTDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970130910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1172991176000},"page":"863-871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The early diagnosis of neural tube defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeev","family":"Blumenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephraim","family":"Siegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Bronshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90237-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs in a high risk population","volume":"70","author":"Campbell J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet. 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