{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:13:35Z","timestamp":1766391215179},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4223,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a 2\u2010year period from January 1991 to December 1992, second\u2010trimester maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome using alpha\u2010fetoprotein (<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>FP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) was made available to five health districts in East Anglia, with a total population of 1\u00b72 million. Amniocentesis was offered when the risk of Down's syndrome at term was 1:200 or greater. 25359 singleton pregnancies were screened, representing an uptake of 77 per cent. The recall rate for the 24 per cent of women who had not had a dating scan prior to the test was 9\u00b74 per cent compared with 3\u00b79 per cent for those who had been scanned (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b70005). Seventy\u2010five per cent (36\/48) of Down's syndrome pregnancies were detected for a false\u2010positive rate of 4\u00b70 per cent. Twenty\u2010five out of 36 of detected Down's syndrome pregnancies were dated by scan prior to sampling, and in the 11 remaining cases, the dates were confirmed by scan after a high\u2010risk result was obtained. The exclusion of uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> from the screening protocol would have reduced the detection rate to 52 per cent (25\/48) for the same false\u2010positive rate. Eighty\u2010five per cent of women identified at high risk accepted the offer of an amniocentesis. Other fetal abnormalities detected were trisomy 18 (3), trisomy 13 (2), 45,X (6), 69,XXX (5), other chromosome abnormalities (9), open neural tube defects (26), hydrocephalus (7), abdominal wall defects (4), and steroid sulphatase deficiency (6).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970140509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T09:43:16Z","timestamp":1173001396000},"page":"391-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Second\u2010trimester maternal serum screening using alpha\u2010fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and unconjugated oestriol: Experience of a regional programme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"S. F.","family":"Goodburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R. W.","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Raggatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Ferguson\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J. D.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Ferguson\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"A225","article-title":"Maternal serum beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (MSHCG) combined with maternal serum alpha\u2010fetoprotein (MSAFP) appears superior for prenatal screening for Down's syndrome (DS) than either test alone","volume":"43","author":"Arab H.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6856.770-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Clinical Applications of Ultrasonic Fetal Measurement","author":"BMUS Fetal Measurements Working Party Report","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970070904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970090602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of a second\u2010trimester screening test for fetal Down's syndrome using maternal serum alpha\u2010fetoprotein HCG and unconjugated oestriol","volume":"81","author":"Cheng E. Y.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6856.768"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970110204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970130406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.9.1687","article-title":"Measuring unconjugated oestriol in maternal serum for fetal Down's syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Cuckle H. S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6759.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6856.768-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90735-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208273270902"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome","volume":"303","author":"Keatinge R. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90943-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90980-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"463","article-title":"Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome","volume":"303","author":"Macri J. N.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6804.715-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90530-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970100606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90657-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Maternal serum screening for fetal Down's syndrome in women less than 35 years of age using alpha\u2010fetoprotein, HCG, and unconjugated oestriol: a prospective 2 year study","volume":"80","author":"Phillips O. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.9.1888","article-title":"Comparison of assay kits for unconjugated oestriol shows that expressing results as multiples of the median causes unacceptable variation in calculated risk factors for Down's syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Reynolds T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6785.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329303000226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970121005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01759.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6653.883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6850.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6856.769-c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6800.468-c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6856.770"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.1970140509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.1970140509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:30:50Z","timestamp":1698107450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.1970140509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.1970140509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.1970140509","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}}}