{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T12:03:41Z","timestamp":1765713821068},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4162,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As screening for Down syndrome becomes increasingly sophisticated, it is important to evaluate the newer technologies in terms of their cost\u2010effectiveness. One recent addition to Down syndrome screening programmes is maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), especially when used in conjunction with maternal serum \u03b1\u2010fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. Using assumptions used in a California proposal to justify an expanded screening programme for Down syndrome, we calculated both the average and the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness of adding uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. Using the base case assumptions, including an $8 fee for the uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness of adding uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> to the proposed California programme is $119 100 per case detected, a value that compares favourably with other Down syndrome screening programmes. The sensitivity analysis supports this conclusion over a wide range of assumptions. However, because of the uncertainty with some key data, it is still too early to fully support the inclusion of uE<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in Down syndrome screening programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970140704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1173001343000},"page":"527-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Incremental cost\u2010effectiveness of incorporating oestriol evaluation in down syndrome screening programmes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Theodore G.","family":"Ganiats","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Halverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Bogart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Down Syndrome: Advances in Medical Care","author":"Bogart M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970070904"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970090602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601233140421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Principles of cost\u2010effectiveness research","volume":"27","author":"Ganiats T. G.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"The association between unexplained second\u2010trimester maternal serum hCG elevation and pregnancy complications","volume":"80","author":"Gonen R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Estimated rates of Down syndrome in live births by one year maternal age intervals for mothers aged in a New York State study\u2014implications of the risk figures for genetic counseling and cost\u2010benefit analysis of prenatal diagnosis programs","volume":"13","author":"Hook E. B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)91448-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Down Syndrome: Advances in Medical Care","author":"Korenberg J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90530-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"565","volume-title":"Genetic Disorders and The Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment","author":"Milunsky A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)91139-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"A264","article-title":"Very low maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin in association with fetal triploidy","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cost\u2010benefit analysis of prenatal screening for trisomy 21 through analysis of HCG in maternal blood","volume":"41","author":"Seror V.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. Med. Soc. Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970130407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6785.1133"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.1970140704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.1970140704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T18:24:10Z","timestamp":1698171850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.1970140704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.1970140704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.1970140704","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}