{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:09:40Z","timestamp":1773288580837,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal gene therapy aims to deliver genes to cells and tissues early in prenatal life, allowing correction of a genetic defect, before long\u2010term tissue damage has occurred. In contrast to postnatal gene therapy, prenatal application can target genes to a large population of dividing stem cells, and the smaller fetal size allows a higher vector\u2010to\u2010target cell ratio to be achieved. Early\u2010gestation delivery may allow the development of immune tolerance to the transgenic protein which would facilitate postnatal repeat vector administration if needed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Targeting particular organs will depend on manipulating the vector to achieve selective tropism and on choosing the most appropriate gestational age and injection method for fetal delivery. Intra\u2010amniotic injection reaches the skin, and other organs that are bathed in the fluid however since gene transfer to the lung and gut is usually poor more direct injection methods will be needed. Delivery to the liver and blood can be achieved by systemic delivery via the umbilical vein or peritoneal cavity. Gene transfer to the central nervous system in the fetus is difficult but newer vectors are available that transduce neuronal tissue even after systemic delivery. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T02:35:25Z","timestamp":1306377325000},"page":"720-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Organ targeted prenatal gene therapy\u2014how far are we?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Vedanta","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Abi Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna L","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"77A","article-title":"The effect of local over\u2010expression of VEGF on the uterine arteries of pregnant sheep","volume":"16","author":"Abi\u2010Nader K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.4.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.11.3.153.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.17.2507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(03)00107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2005.16.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/172603a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1956.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-010-9200-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00282551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-078493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104303403321208952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000071984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2006.17.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1028-4559(10)60004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2010.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2003.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-182105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"Effect of amniotic fluid on cationic lipid mediated transfection and viral infection","volume":"3","author":"Douar A\u2010M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00169-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358581a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2009.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2002.0577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000075144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-3-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0290OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-0016(02)00021-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702457104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199512000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.1995.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0992-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/85664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2009.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2010.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10430340260395884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00372.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61567-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2000.0209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2005.16.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328339f295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70448-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1004(2001)17:1<3::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104303402760372918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198105000-00009","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of theophylline on regulation of fetal breathing movements","volume":"15","author":"Moss IR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-10-4035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970100703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-03-0677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2007.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001990303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1998.9.11-1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0381489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Efficient CNS, PNS and visceral gene delivery following fetal and intravenous administration of AAV9","volume":"21","author":"Rahim AA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10430340152712719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2003.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10430340050015257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","first-page":"2368","article-title":"A novel murine model of Cooley anemia and its rescue by lentiviral\u2010mediated human \u00e2\u2010globin gene transfer","volume":"294","author":"Rivella S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2004.15.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300219"},{"issue":"268","key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Nonviral gene transfer to surface skin of mid\u2010gestational murine embryos by intraamniotic injection and subsequent electroporation","volume":"69","author":"Sato M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.2984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-0016(03)00234-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","article-title":"Autologous transplantation of amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells into sheep fetuses","author":"Shaw SWS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e32834457b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1990.1.3-241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90378-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712591003604690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2006.17.1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420470208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","first-page":"S129","article-title":"Lentiviral vector gene transfer efficiency using fetal routes of administration in Rhesus monkeys","volume":"3","author":"Tarantal AF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2000.0255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00011810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-0002-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.11.3417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_129_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Fetal gene transfer","volume":"9","author":"Waddington SN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Mol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240335297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S146239940200515X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/257612a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-5-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90181-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-060814"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.2787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.2787","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.2787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T18:50:41Z","timestamp":1694631041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.2787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.2787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.2787","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]}}}