{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:12:29Z","timestamp":1792131149358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]],"date-time":"2012-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were evaluate the significance of non\u2010visualization of fetal gallbladder at routine ultrasound scan in a series of 102 cases and to determine the contribution of amniotic fluid digestive enzyme (AF\u2010DE) analysis towards the outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a multicenter retrospective study. Outcome of pregnancies, karyotype, and result of screening for <jats:italic>CFTR<\/jats:italic> gene mutations were known in all cases. Amniotic fluid gamma\u2010glutamyl\u2010transpeptidase and intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme were assayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010visualization of the fetal gallbladder was associated with a severe disease in 25 cases (cystic fibrosis in ten, biliary duct atresia in eight, digestive tract anomalies in six, and chromosomal anomaly in one). In the remaining 77 cases, gallbladder agenesis was diagnosed in 22, and in 55, the gallbladder was subsequently demonstrated. Before 22\u2009weeks of gestation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), an abnormal AF\u2010DE pattern had a 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity in detecting cystic fibrosis or biliary duct atresia. After 22\u2009weeks, sensitivity fell to 53%. The AF\u2010DE pattern was normal in 82% of gallbladder agenesis cases (benign) and in 91% of the cases where the gallbladder was subsequently detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010visualization of the fetal gallbladder was associated with severe anomalies in 24% of cases. Prior to 22\u2009weeks, determination of AF\u2010DE contributes to the prediction of biliary atresia or the presence of cystic fibrosis. \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]],"date-time":"2012-04-12T03:37:36Z","timestamp":1334201856000},"page":"423-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Relationship of non\u2010visualization of the fetal gallbladder and amniotic fluid digestive enzymes analysis to outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dreux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochimie\u2010Hormonologie H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Boughanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyn\u00e9cologie Obst\u00e9trique H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, AP\u2010HP  Paris 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