{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1781578647168,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]],"date-time":"2012-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the underlying associations in fetuses with forearm anomalies, and to derive a management strategy to improve prenatal diagnosis and parental counselling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of fetal medicine unit records to identify all cases with an absent, short or abnormal radius and\/or ulna. Cases with a generalised skeletal dysplasia were excluded. Fetal medicine, maternal, neonatal and, where appropriate, histopathological reports, were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six cases were identified. Two were lost to follow\u2010up and subsequently omitted. Chromosomal anomalies accounted for 19 cases (29.7%), genetic syndromes for 19 (29.7%) and isolated forearm defects for 15 cases (23%). A definitive postnatal diagnosis was made in 54 cases (84%). In 45 of the 64 (70%) cases, a correct prenatal diagnosis was made. Cases with bilateral lesions had a significantly higher association with aneuploidy and genetic syndromes, while those with a sonographically isolated unilateral forearm defect had a very low incidence of other underlying pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses with bilateral forearm defects or those with unilateral lesions and other abnormalities detected prenatally have a high incidence of aneuploidy and genetic syndromes. Isolated, unilateral lesions usually have a good prognosis. A management strategy is presented to aid accurate prenatal diagnosis and parental counselling. \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]],"date-time":"2012-08-18T06:59:08Z","timestamp":1345273148000},"page":"1084-1093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Fetal forearm anomalies: prenatal diagnosis, associations and management strategy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Pajkrt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Centre  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Cicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Watford General Hospital  Watford Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"van Maarle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Centre  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn S.","family":"Chitty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit UCL Institute of Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Winter\u2010Baraitser Dysmorphology Database","author":"Winter RM","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"The Diseases and Deformities of the Foetus","author":"Ballantyne JW","year":"1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1989.tb02952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2577"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.12.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.4.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the Baller\u2010Gerold syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Temtamy SA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genet Couns"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.031781"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.9.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470735"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320140324"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320460426"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-199307000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.23.2979"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.9.724"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80727-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.5.7572511"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2642"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.7.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gte.1997.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970131005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"S31","article-title":"Periconceptual recreational drug use is associated with a variety of fetal malformations","volume":"30","author":"Chitty L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1993.12.2.103"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.3962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.3962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T22:05:55Z","timestamp":1696716355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.3962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.3962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.3962","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]]}}}