{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:09:21Z","timestamp":1778731761532,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if the incidence of maternal diabetes mellitus or neonatal macrosomia is more frequent in fetuses and neonates with atrial arrhythmias than the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses and neonates &lt;30\u2009days of age with atrial flutter or ectopic atrial tachycardia and structurally normal hearts were identified retrospectively through the cardiology databases. Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and medical records of mothers and infants were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one patients (15 fetuses, 12 diagnosed <jats:italic>in\u2010utero<\/jats:italic>) were identified. Infants with atrial flutter or ectopic atrial tachycardia were more likely to be macrosomic or to be born to diabetic mothers than the general population. Two had left atrial dimension <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores above +2, and two had interventricular thickness <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores above +2. Eighteen of 19 had abnormal mitral E\/A ratios, suggesting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses and neonates with atrial flutter or ectopic atrial tachycardia were more likely to be macrosomic or be born to diabetic mothers than the general population. Postnatal echocardiography suggests that there may be abnormal diastolic left ventricular filling in some babies with these arrhythmias. Independent of ventricular hypertrophy, we speculate that isolated, non\u2010recurrent fetal or neonatal atrial flutter, or ectopic atrial tachycardia may be caused by cardiac diastolic dysfunction and atrial stretch <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T22:39:08Z","timestamp":1374791948000},"page":"1152-1157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Fetal and neonatal atrial arrhythmias: an association with maternal diabetes and neonatal macrosomia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J. I.","family":"Pike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kaltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Donofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.069369"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199106000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-003-0589-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199203000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30390-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38856.692986.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951108002138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Accelerated cardiac growth and abnormal cardiac flow in fetuses of type I diabetic mothers","volume":"80","author":"Rizzo G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.5.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/07-05-0277.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors of Major Cardiovascular Malformations: The Baltimore\u2013Washington Infant Study: 1981\u20131989","author":"Ferencz C","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90199-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.1.1","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: a population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Becerra JE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199908000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fourth International Workshop\u2010Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 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