{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:43:10Z","timestamp":1791618190393,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Welsh Assembly Government and Medical Research Council Health Research Partnership","award":["RFSH07340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFSH07340"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this article was to estimate the population prevalence of seven defined ultrasound findings of uncertain significance (\u2018markers\u2019) in the second trimester and the associated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective record\u2010linked cohort study of 30\u2009078 pregnant women who had second trimester anomaly scans between July 2008 and March 2011 in Wales was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of markers ranged from 43.7 per 1000 singleton pregnancies for cardiac echogenic foci [95% confidence interval (CI): 38.8, 51.1] to 0.6 for mild\u2010to\u2010moderate ventriculomegaly (95% CI: 0.3, 1.0). Isolated echogenic bowel was associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies [risk ratio (RR) 4.54, 95% CI: 2.12, 9.73] and preterm birth (RR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.90). Isolated pelvicalyceal dilatation was associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies (RR 3.82, 95% CI: 2.16, 6.77). Multiple markers were associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies (RR 5.00, 95% CI: 1.35, 18.40) and preterm birth (RR 3.38, 95% CI 1.20, 9.53).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data are useful for counselling families and developing clinical guidance and care pathways following the detection of markers in clinical practice, particularly the need for follow\u2010up scans to monitor placental function and growth in pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel, and further investigation for multiple markers. \u00a9 2015 The Authors. <jats:italic>Prenatal Diagnosis<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,17]],"date-time":"2015-10-17T04:29:48Z","timestamp":1445056188000},"page":"40-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prevalence of defined ultrasound findings of unknown significance at the second trimester fetal anomaly scan and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Welsh study of mothers and babies population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd  Heath Park Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd  Heath Park Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Dunstan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd  Heath Park Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales NHS Trust  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aneurin Bevan University Health Board  Caerleon Newport UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board University Hospital of Wales  Cardigan House Heath Park Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales NHS Trust  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn Ann","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Childbirth Trust  Alexandra House Oldham Terrace London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cwm Taf University Health Board  Ynysmeurig House, Navigation Park Abercynon Rhondda Cynon Taff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Wales Informatics Service  T\u0177 Glan\u2010yr\u2010Afon Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd  Heath Park Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Public Health Wales NHS Trust  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantini","family":"Paranjothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd  Heath Park Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Public Health Wales NHS Trust  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Antenatal Care. 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