{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:47:00Z","timestamp":1792496820481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a potential alternative to echocardiography, although in practice, its use has been limited. We sought to explore the need for additional imaging in a tertiary fetal cardiology unit and the usefulness of standard MRI sequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases where the diagnosis was not fully resolved using echocardiography were referred for MRI. Following a three\u2010plane localiser, fetal movement was assessed with a balanced steady\u2010state free precession (bSSFP) cine. Single\u2010shot fast spin echo and bSSFP sequences were used for diagnostic imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two fetal cardiac MRIs were performed over 12\u2009months, at mean gestation of 32\u2009weeks (26\u201338\u2009weeks). The majority of referrals were for suspected vascular abnormalities (17\/22), particularly involving the aortic arch (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and pulmonary vessels (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Single\u2010shot fast spin echo sequences produced \u2018black\u2010blood\u2019 images, useful for examining the extracardiac vasculature in these cases. BSSFP sequences were more useful for intracardiac structures. Real\u2010time SSFP allowed for dynamic assessment of structures such as cardiac masses, with enhancement patterns also allowing for tissue characterisation in these cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal vascular abnormalities such as coarctation can be difficult to diagnose by using ultrasound. Fetal MRI may have an adjunctive role in the evaluation of the extracardiac vascular anatomy and tissue characterisation. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. <jats:italic>Prenatal Diagnosis<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,13]],"date-time":"2016-08-13T13:56:48Z","timestamp":1471096608000},"page":"916-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["An exploration of the potential utility of fetal cardiovascular MRI as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David F. A.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina Children's Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua F. 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