{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:36:57Z","timestamp":1792157817791,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8UL1TR000055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple transplacental medications can be used to treat fetal tachycardia. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to determine whether digoxin, flecainide, or sotalol was the most efficacious therapy for converting fetal tachycardia to sinus rhythm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to compare digoxin, flecainide, or sotalol as first\u2010line therapy for fetal tachycardia. Studies were identified by a search of PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and Scopus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 21 studies included. Flecainide (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1\u20132.0, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a060%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and sotalol (OR:1.4, 95% CI:1.1\u20132.0, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a030%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) were superior to digoxin for conversion of fetal tachycardia to sinus rhythm. In those with hydrops, the benefit over digoxin was more notable for both flecainide (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 2.5\u201310.0, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and sotalol (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7\u20135.0, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). When limited to atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, flecainide was superior to digoxin (OR:1.7, 95% CI:1.1\u20133.3, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a062%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and sotalol (OR:1.3, 95% CI:1.1\u20131.7, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digoxin should not be first\u2010line therapy for fetal tachycardia, particularly in the presence of hydrops fetalis. Flecainide should be the first\u2010line therapy of choice in atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Further study may identify further sub\u2010populations responding differently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T17:22:39Z","timestamp":1503422559000},"page":"1076-1083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Transplacental treatment of fetal tachycardia: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0050-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garick D.","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Kovach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Saudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Wehrheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"Frommelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.10.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200312000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3281053bf1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970151309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01030162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70455-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00589-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951109990497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264469"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00779-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Sotalol in the treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia","volume":"25","author":"Rebelo M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.6.576"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Echocardiographic diagnosis and intravenous digoxin management of fetal tachyarrhythmias and congestive heart failure","volume":"140","author":"Wiggins JW","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1286317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health.clinictrials.gov.2016; Available at:https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02624765?term=fetal+tachycardia&rank=6. 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