{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:49:45Z","timestamp":1747151385904,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores for the trachea and main bronchi in normal fetuses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective cross\u2010sectional study in 823 normal singleton fetuses. The tracheal diameter immediately proximal to the bifurcation and the left and right main bronchial diameters were measured from their inner to inner edge in the coronal view. <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores were created for the trachea and main bronchial diameters using gestational age (GA), femur length (FL), and biparietal diameter (BPD) as independent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between gestational weeks 20 and 40, the inner diameters of the trachea, left principal bronchi (LPB), and right principal bronchi (RPB) increased from 1.8 to 4.7\u00a0mm, 0.8 to 2.2\u00a0mm, and 0.9 to 2.3\u00a0mm, respectively. A simple linear regression equation was fitted to model the mean of each diameter. There was however significant heteroscedasticity of the standard deviation (SD) with increasing GA, FL, or BPD. Eventually, the following formula was used to calculate <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores for the diameters: <jats:styled-content>[measured value\u00a0\u2212\u00a0equation for mean]\/equation for\u00a0SD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores for the fetal trachea and main bronchi by applying standard statistical methods. These <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores may be useful to evaluate the early development of the respiratory system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T08:25:00Z","timestamp":1544603100000},"page":"33-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Z<\/i> scores of the fetal trachea and bronchial dimension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Danming","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8325-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Guangxi Maternal and Children Health Hospital  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qichang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Textbook of Fetal Physiology","author":"Harding R","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1145-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04010021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199903)19:3<211::AID-PD487>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-017-0045-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.18310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2011.12.002"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.5394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.5394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T12:23:47Z","timestamp":1694694227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.5394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.5394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.5394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0197-3851"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0223"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}