{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:03:39Z","timestamp":1793754219718,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be due to impaired placentation, environmental or toxic exposure, congenital infections or genetic abnormalities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Remarkable research, mainly based on retrospective series, has been published on the diverse genetic causes. Those have become more and more relevant with the improvement in the accuracy of the analysis techniques and the rising of breakthrough genomewide methods such as the whole genome sequencing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>However, no publication has presented an integrated view of management of those fetuses with an early and severe affection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this review, we explored to which extent genetic syndromes can cause FGR fetuses without structural defects. The most common chromosomal abnormalities (Triploidies and Trisomy 18), submicroscopic chromosomal anomalies (22q11.2 microduplication syndrome) and single gene disorders (often associated with mild ultrasound findings) related to early and severe FGR had been analysed. Finally, we addressed the impact of epigenetic marks on fetal growth, a matter of growing importance.<\/jats:p><jats:p>At the end of this review, we should be able to provide an adequate counseling to parents in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and management of those pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T11:04:27Z","timestamp":1577790267000},"page":"432-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Genetic syndromes associated with isolated fetal growth restriction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Meler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2010 Barcelona Center for Maternal\u2010Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS University of Barcelona, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvina","family":"Sisterna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Hospital Privado de Comunidad \u2013 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cl\u00ednica Colon \u2013 Reproduction and human genetics center CRECER. Mar del Plata  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Borrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal \u2010 Barcelona Center for Maternal\u2010Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS University of Barcelona, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4341-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"New definition of small for gestational age based on fetal growth potential","volume":"65","author":"Gardosi J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(14)70014-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.02012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903233201203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00240-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(90)90003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199712000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90491-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4844"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33251"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000429658.85846.f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"(RCOG) RCoOaG. The investigation and management of the small\u2010for\u2014gestational\u2010age fetus. London (UK): Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) (Green\u2010Top guideline; no 31).2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. J. McKinlayGardnerandDavidJ. Amor.Chromosome abnormalities and genetic Counseling.5th edition.Gardner and Sutherland\u2019s2018","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199329007.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00272385"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Mosaicism in chorionic villus sampling: an association with poor perinatal outcome","volume":"75","author":"Johnson A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199606)16:6<511::AID-PD904>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90082-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.79.3.F223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000306)91:1<39::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5370"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Chromosome and interphase analysis of placental mosaicism in intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"15","author":"Krishnamoorthy A","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"et al","volume":"30","author":"Robinson WP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assessing the Role of Placental Trisomy in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1457"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197012172832505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053896"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082766am"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of placental vasculature in the third\u2010trimester fetus with autosomal trisomy","volume":"75","author":"Rochelson B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3703-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1575357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90106-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.7.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050902801744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8193892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(94)90223-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2014.0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2018.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31940-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0334-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1493924"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2010.01533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.947102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8166-7-S1-I21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199803)18:3<201::AID-PD245>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.3.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389202916666150122223252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000320)91:3<190::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2010.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.095133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2015.1098800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.813"}],"container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpd.5635","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.5635","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pd.5635","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pd.5635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T17:14:40Z","timestamp":1694020480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pd.5635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pd.5635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.5635","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-3851","1097-0223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-3851","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0223","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}