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GDM has significant short\u2010 and long\u2010term health risks for the mother, developing fetus and the children born to mothers with GDM. Short\u2010term risks for the fetus include macrosomia (excessive birthweight), shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and hypoglycaemia in the immediate postpartum period. Long\u2010term risks for offspring born to mothers with GDM include increased rates of childhood and adulthood obesity and an increased cardiometabolic risk. A number of pharmacological treatments for GDM have been identified, these include insulin and oral glucose\u2010lowering drugs metformin and glibenclamide. Whilst these oral glucose\u2010lowering drugs show similar short\u2010term childhood outcomes to insulin there is increasing evidence that these drugs may have adverse long\u2010term outcomes on children and adults exposed to the drugs in utero. Future research on treatments for GDM should include long\u2010term follow\u2010 up of children exposed to glucose lowering medication in utero to determine the long\u2010term cardiometabolic risk in the offspring born to mothers with GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T15:36:46Z","timestamp":1592408206000},"page":"1085-1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Short\u2010 and long\u2010term outcomes of gestational diabetes and its treatment on fetal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute  Edinburgh Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF\/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute  Edinburgh Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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