{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:29:28Z","timestamp":1788888568007,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The birth prevalence rate of each common autosomal trisomy generally increases with advancing maternal age and there is a substantial fetal loss rate between late first trimester and term. The literature is reviewed in order to provide the best estimates of these rates, taking account where possible of biases due to prenatal diagnosis and selective termination of pregnancy. There is an almost exponential increase in Down syndrome birth prevalence between ages 15 and 45 but at older ages the curve flattens. There is no evidence of the claimed relatively high birth prevalence at extremely low ages. Gestation\u2010specific intra\u2010uterine fetal loss rates are estimated by follow\u2010up of women declining termination of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis, comparison of observed rates with those expected from birth prevalence and comparison of age\u2010specific curves developed for prenatal diagnosis and birth. Down syndrome fetal loss rates reduce with gestation and increase with maternal age. Edwards and Patau syndrome birth prevalence is approximately 1\/8 and 1\/13 that of Down syndrome overall, although the ratio differs according to maternal age, particularly for Patau syndrome where it reduces steadily from 1\/9 to 1\/19. Fetal loss rates are higher for Edwards and Patau syndromes than for Down syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T06:17:18Z","timestamp":1602224238000},"page":"573-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Maternal age in the epidemiology of common autosomal trisomies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2450-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard","family":"Cuckle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute St George's Hospital  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Prenatal diagnosis and screening","author":"Hook EB","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"The colchester survey: a clinical and genetic study of 1280 cases of mental defect","author":"Penrose LS","year":"1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970140814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960424)62:4<376::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199801)18:1<9::AID-PD210>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35248"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.9.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/096914105775220679"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Estimated rates of Down syndrome in live births by one year maternal age intervals for mothers aged 20\u201049 in a New York State study\u2010implications of the risk figures for genetic counseling and cost\u2010benefit analysis of prenatal diagnosis programs","volume":"13","author":"Hook EB","year":"1977","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420170303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320020102"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Down syndrome in live births by single year maternal age interval in a Swedish study: comparison with results from a New York State study","volume":"30","author":"Hook EB","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.12.1367"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68006-9_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"KoulischerL GillerotY LefevreM LamyM MancusoS.Down syndrome: prenatal diagnosis and incidence at birth. 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