{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:45:28Z","timestamp":1790707528807,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The acronym \u2018TORCH\u2019 refers to well\u2010recognised causes of perinatal infections: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). A TORCH serology panel is often used to test for maternal primary infection following detection of ultrasound abnormalities in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review aims to estimate the diagnostic yield of maternal TORCH serology in pregnancy following fetal ultrasound abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary studies published since 2000 that assessed maternal TORCH serology for suspected fetal infection and included information on indications for testing, definition of positive TORCH serology results, and perinatal outcomes were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight studies with a total of 2538 pregnancies were included. The main indications for testing were polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction and hyperechogenic bowel. There were 26 confirmed cases of congenital CMV, of which 15 had multiple ultrasound abnormalities. There were no cases of congenital toxoplasmosis, rubella or HSV confirmed in any of the eight studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical utility of TORCH serology for non\u2010specific ultrasound abnormalities such as isolated fetal growth restriction or isolated polyhydramnios is low. It is time to retire the TORCH acronym and the reflex ordering of \u2018TORCH\u2019 panels, as their continued use obscures, rather than illuminates, appropriate investigation for fetal ultrasound abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T09:01:55Z","timestamp":1639213315000},"page":"87-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A systematic review of maternal TORCH serology as a screen for suspected fetal infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2767-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Medical School University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha E.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Medicine Mercy Hospital for Women  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Medicine Mercy Hospital for Women  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"w14534","article-title":"Ultrasound indications for maternal STORCH testing in pregnancy","volume":"147","author":"Voekt CA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.872609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"P Palasanthiran M Starr C Jones M Giles 2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"Remington JS","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.02012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00299.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Department of Health. 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