{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1780564124415,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Following prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severity can be predicted based on the presence of associated abnormalities, and in isolated cases, on lung size and position of the liver. Severe hypoplasia is defined by a contralateral lung size &lt;25% on ultrasound; moderate hypoplasia is when that lung measures between 25% and 45% of the normal. In fetuses with predicted poor postnatal outcome a procedure that reverses pulmonary hypoplasia may be considered. In uncontrolled studies, fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) improved neonatal outcome. Recently, two randomized controlled trials compared the neonatal and infant outcomes in fetuses with isolated CDH (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.totaltrial.eu\">www.totaltrial.eu<\/jats:ext-link>). In\u00a0severe cases, FETO was carried out at 27<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201329<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks' gestation (referred to as \u201cearly\u201d) and in moderate at 30<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u201331<jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks (\u201clate\u201d). Survival to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit increased by 25% (95%\u2010CI:+6 to +46; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0091) and 13% (\u22121 to +28; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.059), in fetuses with severe and moderate cases, respectively. Following FETO gestational age at delivery was on average 3.2 (2.3\u20134.1) weeks earlier following early and 1.7 (1.1\u20132.3) following late FETO. Here the strengths and weaknesses of the TOTAL trials and their translation to the clinic are debated. Discussants are the lead for the trial (JD) and a colleague (AF) not involved. The discussant notes that the observed survival, both in treated and expectantly managed fetuses, was overall less than what is reported by some high volume centers, particularly in North America. Additional criticisms are the potential effects of prematurity on the long term, the inclusion of low\u2010volume centers, and the potential of FETO for severe iatrogenic complications. Therefore results may not be generalizable. The discussants concluded that although FETO may have its value it remains a procedure with a high risk for prematurity and it can be lethal when the balloon cannot be removed prior to delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TOTAL trials were registered at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> as NCT01240057 (severe) and NCT00763737 (moderate).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T10:24:10Z","timestamp":1642242250000},"page":"301-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["How should fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia be implemented in the post\u2010TOTAL trial era: A discussion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Deprest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology UZ Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Health, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4913-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Flake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9485-8_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30201-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"What should we tell parents? 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