{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:12:09Z","timestamp":1789110729298,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 82170301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82170301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["and No. 82100322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["and No. 82100322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore whether the post\u2010left atrium space (PLAS) ratio would be useful for prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) using echocardiography and artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively included 642 frames of four\u2010chamber views from 319 fetuses (32 with TAPVC and 287 without TAPVC) in end\u2010systolic and end\u2010diastolic periods with multiple apex directions. The average gestational age was 25.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0weeks. No other cardiac or extracardiac malformations were observed. The dataset was divided into a training set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0540; 48 with TAPVC and 492 without TAPVC) and test set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0102; 20 with TAPVC and 82 without TAPVC). The PLAS ratio was defined as the ratio of the epicardium\u2010descending aortic distance to the center of the heart\u2010descending aortic distance. Supervised learning was used in DeepLabv3+, FastFCN, PSPNet, and DenseASPP segmentation models. The area under the curve (AUC) was used on the test set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expert annotations showed that this ratio was not related to the period or apex direction. It was higher in the TAPVC group than in the control group detected by the expert and the four models. The AUC of expert annotations, DeepLabv3+, FastFCN, PSPNet, and DenseASPP were 0.977, 0.941, 0.925, 0.856, and 0.887, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Segmentation models achieve good diagnostic accuracy for TAPVC based on the PLAS ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T10:26:34Z","timestamp":1659954394000},"page":"1323-1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection based on the post\u2010left atrium space ratio using artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9499-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography Medical Center Beijing Anzhen Hospital 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