{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:44:01Z","timestamp":1767109441655,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001279","name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20100040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20100040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS\/A000027\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS\/A000027\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT101957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT101957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Some changes are already present prenatally. Herein,\u00a0we further examined how the brain develops in fetal rabbits with surgically created DH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two fetuses underwent surgical DH creation on day 23 (term\u00a0=\u00a0d31). DH pups and littermate controls were harvested at term. Ten DH pups and 11 controls underwent transcardial perfusion for brain fixation and measurement of brain volume, brain folding, neuron and synaptic density, pre\u2010oligodendrocyte count, proliferation, and vascularization. Twelve other DH and 11 controls had echocardiographic assessment of cardiac output and aortic and cerebral blood flow, magnetic resonance imaging (9.4\u00a0T) for cerebral volumetry, and molecular assessment of vascularization markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DH pups had lower lung\u2010to\u2010body weight ratio (1.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 vs. 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and lower heart\u2010to\u2010body weight ratio (0.007\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.001 vs. 0.009\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.001; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0006) but comparable body weight and brain\u2010to\u2010body weight ratio. DH pups had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction, aortic and cerebral blood flow (39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 vs. 54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015\u00a0mm\/beat; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) as compared to controls but similar left cardiac ventricular morphology. Fetal DH\u2010brains were similar in volume but the cerebellum was less folded (perimeter\/surface area: 25.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 vs. 26.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.049). Furthermore, DH brains had a thinner cortex (143\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09 vs. 156\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0\u03bcm; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Neuron densities in the white matter were higher in DH fetuses (124\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018 vs. 104\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) with comparable proliferation rates. Pre\u2010oligodendrocyte count was lower, coinciding with the lower endothelial cell count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rabbits with DH had altered brain development compared to controls prenatally, indicating that brain development is already altered prenatally in CDH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T04:00:16Z","timestamp":1673409616000},"page":"359-369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain development is altered in rabbit fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Van der Veeken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospital Antwerp  Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5029-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Maria","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bleeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Basurto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Emam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Tanta  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Regin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Gsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Himmelreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"De Catte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration Cluster Woman and Child Group Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals 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