{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:00:40Z","timestamp":1786118440392,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prenatal Diagnosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To document the natural history and complications of second\u2010 and third\u2010trimester non\u2010nuchal lymphatic malformations (LM) and identify predictors of these complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a single\u2010centre retrospective review of fetuses diagnosed with LMs between January 2015 and January 2024. Lesion size was quantified using the lymphatic malformation volume ratio (LVR): LVR\u00a0=\u00a00.523 x width x length x height (cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) \/ head circumference (cm). Outcomes and LVR growth trends were analyzed using Student's t\u2010test and a linear mixed\u2010effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen cases were included (10 cervical, 8 axillary). Uncomplicated cervical LMs grew at 0.3\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Intralesional bleeding (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03) was associated with LVR &gt;\u00a011\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and significantly higher growth rates (2.6 vs. 0.3\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005). All cases with LVR &gt;\u00a05\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      required subsequent tracheostomy after birth. Axillary LMs grew at 0.21\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/week. One case with bleeding had LVR 4.4\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Median LVR was significantly lower in vaginal deliveries compared with complicated births (2.0 vs. 7.3\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03). All LVR &gt;\u00a04\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      led to delivery complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher LVR predicts haemorrhage and airway intervention in cervical LMs, and delivery complications in axillary LMs. These exploratory observations warrant confirmation in larger prospective cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:03:46Z","timestamp":1783685026000},"page":"1354-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural History of Fetal Non\u2010Nuchal Lymphatic Malformations: A Single Center Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yada","family":"Kunpalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fetal Medicine Unit Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilkash","family":"Kajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Abdominal Imaging Joint Department of Medical Imaging Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Van der Veeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fetal Medicine Unit Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1944-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Chitayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5350-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Carcao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and Oncology The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fetal Medicine Unit Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-4846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiri","family":"Shinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fetal Medicine Unit Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Van Mieghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fetal Medicine Unit Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Fetal Centre  Toronto Ontario 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