{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:49:09Z","timestamp":1783529349674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The circle breathing system was unsafe for spontaneous breathing because of hypercapnia during anesthesia. Few studies have examined the minimizing dead space in breathing tubing. This study investigated one\u2010way valves in the breathing tubing during spontaneous breathing in piglets. Six female piglets aged 68\u201371\u00a0days spontaneously breathed sevoflurane for 4\u00a0h randomly via traditional or anti\u2010rebreathing tubing. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (<jats:sc>P<\/jats:sc>aCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and respiratory characteristics were used to assess spontaneous breathing efficiency. mRNA\u2010based methods, immunohistochemistry, and histology were used to assess the lungs. After induction, all piglets had mild hypercapnia. Those who breathed via traditional tubing experienced severe hypercapnia and required assisted ventilation (mean [95% confidence interval for mean]: 3 [0.5; 5.5] times) over 4\u00a0h. Piglets who breathed via anti\u2010rebreathing tubing were able to normalize without assisted ventilation in less than 3\u00a0h and maintained. <jats:sc>P<\/jats:sc>aCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was higher in the traditional group than the anti\u2010rebreathing group at 3 and 4\u00a0hours (46.3 [42.1; 50.5] vs. 38.3 [34.1; 42.5] mmHg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020; 46.3 [42.6; 50.0] vs. 40.7 [37.0; 44.4] mmHg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.040). However, one\u2010way valves increased resistance to breathing. For the lungs, mRNA\u2010based methods indicated higher expressions of cyclin\u2010dependent kinase, cell division cycle 20, and cyclin B2 in the traditional group; immunohistochemistry identified higher expression of phosphorylated histone 2AX in the traditional group; histology showed similar damage between the groups. These findings suggest that one\u2010way valves inside breathing tubing reduced dead space during spontaneous breathing and enhanced inhalation anesthesia advantages in the circle breathing system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.2502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T04:01:00Z","timestamp":1722830460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["One\u2010way valves in breathing tubing reduce dead space during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized piglets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Pan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8513-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Anesthesia Equipment: Principles and Applications","author":"Robert GL","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000526314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07330-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Principles and Applications","author":"Scott GW","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"LiP.A one\u2010way valve and its related breathing tubing in the breathing system. Google Patents Updated February 08 2024.Accessed June 20 2024.https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/CN215741130U\/zh"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1757OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_234_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000072784.55140.1E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00507-2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01438-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06267-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06640-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002018"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pdi3.2502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T22:55:24Z","timestamp":1729119324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pdi3.2502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pdi3.2502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pdi3.2502","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2835-558X","2835-5598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2835-558X","type":"print"},{"value":"2835-5598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2502"}}