{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:50:40Z","timestamp":1774983040046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric stroke, although relatively rare, poses considerable health risks with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical impact, comprehensive global assessments of its long\u2010term trends and disparities remain limited. Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we evaluated the burden of pediatric stroke\u2014including both hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and ischemic stroke (IS)\u2014across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Our original analyses included the calculation of the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age\u2010standardized rates, stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). In 2021, there were approximately 2.7 million prevalent pediatric stroke cases worldwide, with HS contributing 41.4% and IS 58.6%. Globally, stroke\u2010related disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) declined from about 5.9 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2021. However, the incidence among adolescents aged 10\u201319\u00a0years increased during this period. Marked geographic disparities were observed, with low\u2010SDI regions experiencing disproportionately higher burdens, particularly from HS. India recorded the highest number of DALYs and incident cases in 2021. These findings provide a comprehensive global analysis focused specifically on pediatric stroke, underscoring that although the overall burden has declined, persistent and widening disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies, improved early recognition and strengthened healthcare systems in resource\u2010limited regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:15:31Z","timestamp":1767172531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Pediatric Stroke, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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