{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1790762659374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2023NSCQ\u2010MSX0434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2023NSCQ\u2010MSX0434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The optimal dose for ultrasound\u2010guided axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB) in children remains poorly defined. This study aimed to find the median effective volume (EV\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of ropivacaine (0.2%) for ABPB in children aged 6\u201310\u00a0years. A prospective, double\u2010blind, dose\u2010finding trial using the Dixon up\u2010and\u2010down method was conducted. Pediatric patients (aged 6\u201310\u00a0years, ASA I\u2013II) undergoing unilateral elbow or below\u2010elbow surgery were enrolled. Ultrasound\u2010guided ABPB was performed using a dual\u2010injection technique with supplemental musculocutaneous nerve blockade. The initial volume of ropivacaine (0.2%) was 0.5\u00a0mL\/kg, adjusted by 0.05\u00a0mL\/kg based on the previous patient's response. The study continued until seven inflection points were observed from failure to success. EV\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and EV\n                    <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                    (95% effective volume) were calculated using isotonic regression and bootstrapping, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Patient demographics, postoperative pain scores, and adverse events were monitored. Twenty\u2010nine patients were enrolled. The EV\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    was 0.350\u00a0mL\/kg (95% CI: 0.197\u20130.362\u00a0mL\/kg), and the EV\n                    <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                    was 0.395\u00a0mL\/kg (95% CI: 0.385\u20130.396\u00a0mL\/kg). No adverse events were observed during the perioperative period. This study provides evidence\u2010based dosing parameters for 0.2% ropivacaine in pediatric ABPB, aiding clinicians in optimizing efficacy and safety. The findings support age\u2010specific precision in pediatric regional anesthesia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:45:15Z","timestamp":1781243115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Median Effective Volume of 0.2% Ropivacaine for Ultrasound\u2010Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block in Children Aged 6\u201310\u00a0Years: A Prospective Dose\u2010Finding Study Using Up\u2010and\u2010Down Sequential Allocation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Tauseef","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2358-3363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanjie","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongke","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3384-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangyingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201096582\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c5dfd7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495\u2010200060050\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000702"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1157447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267514.42592.2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_694_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-ESRA.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46912\/jbrcp.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2022.101159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51755-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2012.63.3.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1386129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871\u2010022\u201001702\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2014.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31825d9f4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2014.66.2.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31819a9542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000208"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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