{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:50:47Z","timestamp":1785912647282,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glucocorticoid insensitivity affects a subset of asthma patients, yet its mechanism is unclear. Given the key role of airway epithelium in asthma, this study hypothesized that glucocorticoids may impair this barrier. We examined whether glucocorticoid\u2010induced autophagy\u2010associated apoptosis contributes to reduced treatment efficacy. Using an ovalbumin\u2010induced asthma model in BALB\/c mice and 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells treated with dexamethasone and\/or autophagy inhibitor EACC (C\n                    <jats:sub>13<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    S\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), we assessed cell viability and apoptosis via CCK\u20108 and TUNEL assays, respectively. Apoptosis and autophagy markers were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Dexamethasone alleviated airway inflammation but worsened epithelial integrity in asthmatic mice. It failed to downregulate pro\u2010apoptotic factors while reducing anti\u2010apoptotic factors both in vivo and in vitro. Dexamethasone decreased 16HBE cell viability and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, dexamethasone upregulated autophagy markers and suppressed anti\u2010autophagy factors in mouse lungs and cells, concurrently reducing the phosphorylation of negative regulators of autophagy. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitor EACC enhanced cell viability and attenuated dexamethasone\u2010induced apoptotic signaling in 16HBE cells. These findings suggest glucocorticoids may compromise the airway epithelial barrier via autophagy\u2010associated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, indicating autophagy inhibition as a potential hypothesis for future therapeutic exploration for glucocorticoid\u2010insensitive asthma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:21:02Z","timestamp":1785910862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glucocorticoids Impair the Airway Epithelial Barrier via Autophagy\u2010Associated Apoptosis in Asthma: A Preliminary Study Both In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0678-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5116-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tangqiaochu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5512-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Children's Important Organ Development and Diseases of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9024-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Children's Vital Organ Development and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6131-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases Ministry of Education Key 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