{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:05:13Z","timestamp":1790762713015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most prevalent chronic pulmonary disorder. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between prenatal inflammatory exposure and abnormal immune activation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mediators of tissue damage, but whether they bridge intrauterine inflammation and the subsequent development of BPD is not yet clear. We used a prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010exposed rat model to ask two questions: first, whether excessive NETs drive BPD pathogenesis, and second, whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell\u2010derived microvesicles (hUCMSC\u2010MVs) can alleviate lung injury by inhibiting this process. We established a BPD model in preterm rats via prenatal LPS exposure and assessed lung morphometry, neutrophil infiltration, and NETs markers. We then compared the therapeutic effects of hUCMSC\u2010MVs with NET extrusion (NETosis) inhibitors in vivo and also examined direct neutrophil effects in vitro. Prenatal LPS exposure led to significantly elevated NET markers in both lung tissue and circulation, which correlated with severe alveolar simplification. Neutrophils in this model exhibited a \u201cprimed\u201d phenotype with enhanced potential for NETs release. In vivo, hUCMSC\u2010MVs suppressed NET formation, attenuated neutrophilic inflammation, and restored alveolar structure, matching the efficacy of conventional NETosis inhibitors. In vitro, they were internalized by neutrophils and abrogated LPS\u2010induced NETosis. These findings point to excessive NETosis as a key mechanistic link between prenatal inflammation and postnatal lung impairment. hUCMSC\u2010MVs directly inhibit this pathological process and alleviate BPD\u2010like lung injury. This work advances the mechanistic understanding of BPD and supports hUCMSC\u2010MVs as a promising cell\u2010free therapeutic candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T06:05:33Z","timestamp":1785996333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell\u2010Derived Microvesicles Alleviate Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in\u00a0Preterm Rats by Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9283-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for 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and Disorders, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases  Chongqing 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