{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1762916977681},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> potentially threatens the successful treatment of common respiratory tract infections (RTIs); however, the relationship between antibiotic resistance and treatment outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that higher in vitro penicillin and erythromycin nonsusceptibility levels among clinical isolates of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> are associated with higher risk of treatment failure in suppurative acute otitis media (AOM), acute sinusitis, and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010level analysis using treatment outcomes data from a national, managed\u2010care claims database, and antibiotic susceptibility data from a national repository of antimicrobial susceptibility results between 1997 and 2000. Treatment outcomes in patients with suppurative AOM, acute sinusitis, or AECB receiving selected macrolides or beta\u2010lactams were assessed. Associations between RTI\u2010specific treatment outcomes and antibiotic nonsusceptibility were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients with condition\u2010specific paired outcome and susceptibility data for each region and each year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 649\u2009552 available RTI outcomes and 7252 susceptibility tests performed on <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates. There were no statistically significant trends across time for resolution proportions following treatment by either beta\u2010lactams or macrolides among any of the RTIs. Correlation analyses found no statistically significant association between <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> susceptibility and RTI treatment outcomes apart from a significant positive association between of erythromycin nonsusceptibility in ear isolates and macrolide treatment resolution for suppurative AOM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the population level, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> nonsusceptibility to macrolide or beta\u2010lactam antibiotics was not associated with treatment failure in conditions of probable <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> etiology. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T11:17:04Z","timestamp":1125573424000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Population antibiotic susceptibility for <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> and treatment outcomes in common respiratory tract infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jon P.","family":"Furuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Metlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Langenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessina C.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingkun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli N.","family":"Perencevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Barriers to the effective management of respiratory tract infections in the community","volume":"29","author":"Saginur R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.8.s.2.4.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200204000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00466-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Use of managed care claims data in the risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in outpatients","volume":"8","author":"Russell MW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"S203","article-title":"Impact of leflunomide versus biologic agents on the costs of care for rheumatoid arthritis in a managed care population","volume":"8","author":"Ollendorf DA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"E34","article-title":"Cost associated with the treatment of influenza in a managed care setting","volume":"2","author":"Cox F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Gen Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"S459","article-title":"The costs of nonsedating antihistamine therapy for allergic rhinitis in managed care: an updated analysis","volume":"7","author":"Liao E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2540-2545.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"WHO.Implementation of ICD. 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