{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:18:24Z","timestamp":1761675504339},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since folate is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, we hypothesized that folic acid antagonists might increase the risk. We used data from a population\u2010based case control study of medication use and colorectal cancer to evaluate the hypothesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were ascertained from participating hospitals in Massachusetts and the Massachusetts cancer registry (MCR) from January 1, 2001, through November 30, 2004. Age\u2010, sex\u2010, and precinct\u2010matched control subjects were chosen from Massachusetts town lists. Information on folic acid antagonist use and other relevant data were obtained from 1809 cases and 1809 matched controls by telephone interview and by a self\u2010administered dietary questionnaire. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios among 1229 case patients and 1165 control subjects who provided satisfactory dietary information and did not have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The odds ratio for colorectal cancer among regular users of folate\u2010containing supplements was 0.7 (95%CI 0.6\u20130.9). The odds ratio for regular use of folic acid antagonists was 1.3 (95%CI 0.9\u20131.9). Contrary to expectation, the odds ratio was reduced in the highest category of alcohol consumption (OR\u2009=\u20090.5, 95%CI 0.2\u20131.2). The odds ratio was higher among users of drugs that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (OR\u2009=\u20091.6, 95%CI 0.9\u20132.8) than drugs that work through other mechanisms (OR\u2009=\u20091.2, 95%CI 0.7\u20131.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data provide little support for the hypothesis that regular folic acid antagonist use increases the risk of colorectal cancer. However, there is a suggestion that dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors specifically may increase the risk. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]],"date-time":"2007-06-29T09:17:16Z","timestamp":1183108636000},"page":"1111-1119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The use of folic acid antagonists and the risk of colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Patricia F.","family":"Coogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198530020-00003"},{"issue":"37","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"539","article-title":"Folate and the risk of colorectal, breast and cervix cancer: the epidemiological evidence","volume":"131","author":"Eichholzer M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van GuelpenB HultdinJ JohanssonI et al.Low folate levels may protect against colorectal cancer.2006;55:1461\u20131466.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.085480"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330684","article-title":"Epigenetic events in the colorectum and in colon cancer","volume":"33","author":"Grady WM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.117161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.11.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.4.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00188-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.33.020182.002021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3731S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011303432204"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"272","article-title":"Competitive inhibition of folic acid absorption in rat jejunum by triamterene","volume":"108","author":"Zimmerman J","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Drugs and vitamin B12 and folate metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Lindenbaum J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Curr Concepts Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.17297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","volume-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"Fleming I","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","volume-title":"Case\u2010Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis","author":"Schlesselman JJ","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC432_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10866"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj016"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"487","article-title":"Colorectal cancer and folate status: a nested case\u2010control study among male smokers","volume":"5","author":"Glynn SA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"709","article-title":"Red cell and plasma folate, folate consumption, and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps","volume":"4","author":"Bird C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Colonic mucosal folate concentrations and their association with colorectal cancer","volume":"129","author":"Weir D","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutri"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060900"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","author":"West L","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.359"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Sulfasalazine alters the character of dimethylhydrazine\u2010induced colorectal carcinoma in rats","volume":"9","author":"Andrianopoulos GD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Aberrant crypts as a biomarker for colon cancer: evaluation of potential chemopreventive agents in the rat","volume":"5","author":"Wargovich MJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.1442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.1442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:39:14Z","timestamp":1700008754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.1442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.1442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,29]]}}}