{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:54:32Z","timestamp":1764996872649},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare hospitalization rates for serious upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) events between chronic and acute users of a traditional non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (tNSAID)\u2009+\u2009proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and users of a COX\u20102 selective inhibitor (Coxib).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PHARMO Record Linkage System, including linked drug\u2010dispensing and hospital records of approximately 3 million individuals in the Netherlands was used. We selected new Coxib or tNSAID users (01\/01\/2000\u201331\/12\/2004) with \u22651\u2009year history before the first NSAID dispensing and \u22651\u2009year follow\u2010up ending at the first hospitalization for GI event (the outcome), last dispensing, or end of the study period. Chronic users were patients who used any NSAIDs for \u226560\u2009days during the first year (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958\u2009770); others were acute users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009538\u2009420). Multivariate analysis was performed by Poisson regression adjusted for gender, age, and duration of follow\u2010up, tNSAID and Coxib dose, NSAID\/PPI adherence, use of other gastroprotective agents, anticoagulants, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, and cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort included 23\u2009999 new tNSAIDs\u2009+\u2009PPI users and 25\u2009977 new Coxib users, with main characteristics: mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age 58.1\u2009\u00b1\u200915.5 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 56.7\u2009\u00b1\u200917.5; female 55.3% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 62.2%; duration of treatment (days): 137\u2009\u00b1\u2009217 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 138\u2009\u00b1\u2009179, respectively. Among acute users, adjusted hazard ratios (95% Confidence Interval) were 0.21 (0.14\u20130.32) for upper and 0.26 (0.16\u20130.42) for lower GI events, for Coxib <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> tNSAIDs\u2009+\u2009PPI users. Among chronic users, these were 0.35 (0.22\u20130.55) for upper GI and 0.43 (0.25\u20130.75) for lower GI events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coxib users had significantly lower rates of GI events. Further research should elucidate the possible impact of selection bias. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1247227668000},"page":"880-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["COX\u20102 inhibitors: complex association with lower risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal events compared to traditional NSAIDs plus proton pump inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michiel W.","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Gaugris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst J.","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myrthe P. 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