{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:44Z","timestamp":1786978304737,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if certain non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and death from coronary heart disease (CHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Tennessee Medicaid enrollees aged 35\u201394 years between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2005. Eligible persons were non\u2010institutionalized, had continuous enrollment, and had no serious illness prior to cohort entry. Exposure to celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and indomethacin was studied. The outcome was hospitalization for AMI, stroke, or death from CHD among those with and without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 610\u2009001 persons in the final cohort and 14% had a baseline history of CVD. In those without CVD (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009525\u2009249) there were 1\u2009566\u2009678 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up and 12\u2009184 events. In this group, non\u2010users had 7.90 events\/1000 person\u2010years. Events\/1000 person\u2010years were 10.41 for current use of celecoxib (aHR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89\u20131.13), 10.91 for rofecoxib (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.37), 12.46 for valdecoxib (aHR 1.30 95% CI 1.04\u20131.61), and 13.25 for indomethacin (aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.66) compared to non\u2010users. Among patients with a past history of CVD (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200984\u2009752) there were 397\u2009977 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up and 10\u2009248 events. Non\u2010users had 28.30 events\/1000 person\u2010years. Among those with CVD, rofecoxib use was associated with increased event rate (30.28 events\/1000 person\u2010years [aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.37]) and naproxen was associated with a decreased event rate (22.66 events\/1000 person\u2010years [aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.99]). Among new users, the results were similar except risk among naproxen users was no longer different than non\u2010users.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found an increased risk of cardiovascular events among all and new current users of rofecoxib, valdecoxib, and indomethacin in patients with no history of CVD. Among patients with CVD, all and new current rofecoxib use was associated with an increased risk of a cardiovascular event. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T03:45:59Z","timestamp":1248666359000},"page":"1053-1063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Non\u2010aspirin NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase\u20102 inhibitors and risk for cardiovascular events\u2013stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and death from coronary heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Christianne L.","family":"Roumie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neesha N.","family":"Choma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Kaltenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Mitchel, Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick G.","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie R.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs on the gastrointestinal system","volume":"28","author":"Fosslien E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs","volume":"35","author":"Fosslien E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011233432103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.jrv60011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11131-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.jrv60015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000226642.55207.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7553.1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases.Ninth Revision Clinical Modification. 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