{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T23:31:10Z","timestamp":1774049470073,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]],"date-time":"2010-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dr. Walker asserts that a hypothesis always can be tested using the same data source that generated the data if the test data are independent of the data generating the hypothesis. One way to do this is to use part of the totality of data to generate the hypothesis and the other to test the hypothesis. The validity of this assertion depends on what one means by \u2018independent\u2019. This note addresses the logical and statistical implications of Dr. Walker's assertion. The key conclusion is that what constititutes \u2018independent\u2019 data has to be considered carefully, and that hypothesis\u2010generating and test data from the same data source generally can not be considered \u2018independent\u2019. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]],"date-time":"2010-04-26T05:19:43Z","timestamp":1272259183000},"page":"533-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Generating and confirming hypotheses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"A. Lawrence","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Testing inductively\u2010generated hypotheses with independent data sets","volume":"14","author":"Ross MI","year":"2003","journal-title":"APSA\u2010CP Newsl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/wp.2001.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"VelascoJD.Prediction Accommodation and Scientific Methodology 2004.http:\/\/stanford.edu\/\u02dcjoelv\/Papers\/prediction.pdf(accessed 2 October 2009)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"HeuerRJ Jr.Psychology of Intelligence Analysis Center for the Study of Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency Washington DC 1999."}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.1928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.1928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T15:23:51Z","timestamp":1700580231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.1928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.1928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1928","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]]}}}