{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:06:54Z","timestamp":1791126414022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]],"date-time":"2010-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1286323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute respiratory symptoms are among the health effects of air pollution exposure. Studies over the past decades have linked respiratory drug use (consumption or sales) with changes in air pollution conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one studies were analyzed to discuss whether increased levels of air pollution are associated with the use of medications for respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies agree that variation in the drug use is related to air pollution exposure. In panel studies, although asthmatics are more sensitive to air pollution effects, the increase in drug use was comparable and similar to non\u2010asthmatics. Ecological studies confirm a significant association in respiratory drug sales depending on the selected lags (that is the time elapsing between air pollution measurement and the resulting drug use). The results of a meta\u2010analysis of two ecological studies showed an increase in risk for increase in daily mean concentration of some pollutant (10\u2009\u00b5g\u2009m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>). For Black Smoke RR\u2009=\u20091.007 (95% CI 1.004\u20131.011) for lag 1, and RR\u2009=\u20091.008 (95% CI 1.005\u20131.010) for lag 8. For Nitrogen dioxide, RR\u2009=\u20091.008 (95% CI 1.005\u20131.012) for lag 8 and for Sulfur dioxide, RR\u2009=\u20091.005 (95% CI 1.001\u20131.010) for lag 9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis of drug use provides useful data for the evaluation of risks which derive from exposure to air pollution. More studies are needed to measure the effects of air pollution on respiratory medication use. Lags of up to 14 days have to be considered and the pollutants to be considered should include particulate matter and ozone. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]],"date-time":"2010-10-06T10:57:22Z","timestamp":1286362642000},"page":"1300-1315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Drug consumption and air pollution: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Menichini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Mudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.ats4-00"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"2006","volume-title":"Air quality guidelines global update","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7095.1658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.59.5.228-236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","volume-title":"The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS). Part 2. Morbidity and Mortality from Air Pollution in the United States","author":"Samet JM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","volume-title":"Health effects of transport\u2010related air pollution","author":"Krzyzanowski M","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","volume-title":"Health Aspects of Air Pollution","author":"WHO","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199707000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00005501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61681-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.15.050194.000543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Airway Diseases. \u03b22\u2010Agonists, Anticholinergics, and Other Nonsteroid Drugs, Chapter 36, Section IX","author":"Albert RK","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","volume-title":"Expert Panel Report III: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma","author":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program","year":"2007"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Acute exacerbations of COPD","volume":"133","author":"MacNee W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","volume-title":"Beta2\u2010Agonists in Asthma Treatment","author":"Pauwels R","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Differential assessment and management of asthma vs chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Yawn BP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medscape J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.01402001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.12.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Service contract for carrying out cost\u2010benefit analysis of air quality related issues, in particular in the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme","volume":"2","author":"Hurley F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methodol Paper"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00236902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-0243-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","volume-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of time\u2010series studies and panel studies of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3): report of a WHO task group","author":"Anderson HR","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1999.3974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","volume-title":"Practical Meta\u2010analysis","author":"Lipsey MW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-74"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030677","article-title":"Short\u2010term effect of winter air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children in Paris","volume":"11","author":"Segala C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030686","article-title":"Asthma severity and susceptibility to air pollution","volume":"11","author":"Hiltermann TJN","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.3_Pt_1.668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12061354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.2.149"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Acute effects of the breathing of industrial waste and of sulfur dioxide on the respiratory health of children living in the industrial area of Puchuncav\u00ed, Chile","volume":"6","author":"S\u00e1nchez J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of the health effects of atmospheric waste from an industrial and household refuse incineration plant","volume":"32","author":"Zmirou D","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique"},{"issue":"143","key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"The use of drug consumption to monitor the effect of air on health in Le Havre","volume":"36","author":"Beaudeau P","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pollution atmosph\u00e9rique"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13b08.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/000313001317098149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2301031028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","unstructured":"WHO International Working Group for Drug Statistics Methodology WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Utilization Research and Clinical Pharmacological Services. Introduction to Drug Utilization Research. World Health Organization2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/135581905774414259"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117502","article-title":"Estimate of disease prevalence using drug consumption data","volume":"141","author":"Sartor F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1131"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.2033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.2033","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.2033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T05:15:38Z","timestamp":1696742138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.2033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.2033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.2033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]]}}}