{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:31:33Z","timestamp":1791297093868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Department of Health","award":["DOH098-TD-D-113-098016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOH098-TD-D-113-098016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the risks of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events across a variety of oral and parenteral coxibs and nonselective nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) in the general population of Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a case\u2010crossover study, all patients aged \u226520\u2009years who were hospitalized for upper GI adverse events (peptic ulcer and bleeding; gastritis and duodenitis) in 2006 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes from inpatient claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. For each patient, the case period was defined as 1\u201330\u2009days and the control period as 31\u201360\u2009days before the date of hospitalization. Outpatient pharmacy prescription database was searched for individual NSAID use during the case and control periods. A conditional logistic regression model was applied, and adjusted self\u2010matched odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 40\u2009635 patients hospitalized for upper GI adverse events were included. The adjusted OR was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.27\u20131.82) for celecoxib and 2.56 (95%CI: 2.44\u20132.69) for oral nsNSAIDs. The ORs were above 2 for oral piroxicam, diclofenac, ketorolac, ketoprofen, acemetacin, and naproxen and were around 1.5 for tiaprofenic acid, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen. Higher risks were evident for parenteral NSAIDs, in particular ketorolac with an OR of 5.76 (95%CI: 5.14\u20136.44).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of celecoxib and all nsNSAIDs studied was associated with a greater risk of upper GI toxicity as compared with nonuse. Parenteral NSAIDs posed a higher risk, but celecoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid posed a lower risk than other NSAIDs. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T10:38:31Z","timestamp":1306319911000},"page":"763-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs: a nationwide case\u2010crossover study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Hsuin","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi\u2010Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jou\u2010Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center National Taiwan University Hospital Yun\u2010Lin Branch  Dou\u2010Liou City Yun\u2010Lin Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuei\u2010Wen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Insurance Mediation Committee, Department of Health Executive Yuan  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Yi","family":"Shau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Technology Assessment Center for Drug Evaluation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Shu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.10.1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011233432103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7365.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7384.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Comparing celecoxib with traditional nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs","volume":"52","author":"Johnson M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.21.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1557(199710)6:3 <S51::AID-PDS301>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199601000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.Defined daily dose: definition and general considerations.http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/ddd\/definition_and_general_considera\/[29 March 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802714382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"ZhaoY EncinosaW. 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