{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:36:48Z","timestamp":1772491008463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypomagnesemia associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy has been documented in case reports. We performed a cross\u2010sectional study to examine the association between PPI use and serum magnesium (Mg) levels or hypomagnesemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were extracted from hospitalized adults with basic metabolic panels and\/or serum magnesium levels available during the hospital stays. The first Mg value was used for data analysis. Hypomagnesemia is defined as levels less than 1.7\u2009mg\/dL (or 0.70\u2009mmol\/L). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between PPI use and Mg levels or hypomagnesemia, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among study patients, PPI users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207) had a mean Mg level of 1.91[SD\u2009=\u20090.34] mg\/dL, and non\u2010users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009280) 2.00 (0.30) mg\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004. PPI use was associated with <jats:italic>lower<\/jats:italic> serum Mg levels (adjusted coefficient <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.10, 95%CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22120.16, \u22120.04]) after adjusting for confounders. PPI use was associated with risk of hypomagnesemia after adjusting for confounders (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20092.50, 95%CI\u2009=\u2009[1.43, 4.36]). Both standard (1) and high (2 or higher) defined daily dose units of PPI therapy were associated with hypomagnesemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PPI use was associated with lower serum Mg levels and hypomagnesemia in a population of hospitalized adult patients. Our study supports the general notion that long\u2010term PPI use could be associated with sub\u2010clinical Mg insufficiency or deficiency status. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T10:40:04Z","timestamp":1329302404000},"page":"553-559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Uses of proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jen\u2010Tzer","family":"Gau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine\/Gerontology Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU\u2010HCOM)  Athens OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine\/Gerontology Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU\u2010HCOM)  Athens OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010Cheg","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.2007.66.issue\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc066308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102265.2008.03194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39505.738981.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia due to use of proton pump inhibitors\u2014a review","volume":"67","author":"Kuipers MT","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32833ff5d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102318\u201010\u201045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1795"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2007.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282f37b59"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:38:33Z","timestamp":1697294313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]}}}