{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:31:35Z","timestamp":1791297095894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether there is an association between use of antibiotics and breakthrough pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was performed in a population\u2010based prescription database (IADB.nl). We computed case\u2010crossover odds ratios of 397 cases of defined breakthrough pregnancy comparing the use of antibiotics in the exposure window with the use of antibiotics in two control windows. We defined a control group consisting of 29\u2009022 other pregnancies. We computed case\u2013control odds ratios of the use of antibiotics in cases as compared with controls in the different time windows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The case\u2010crossover odds ratios comparing the use of antibiotics in the exposure window with both control windows were 2.21 (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.03\u20134.75) and 1.65 (95%CI\u2009=\u20090.78\u20133.48), respectively. The traditional case\u2013control odds ratios after adjustment for age were 1.71 (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.09\u20132.66) in the exposure window, 0.81 (95%CI\u2009=\u20090.44\u20131.47) 2\u2009months before the exposure window, and 1.04 (95%CI\u2009=\u20090.61\u20131.78) 12\u2009months before the exposure window.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did find a relationship between the use of antibiotics and breakthrough pregnancy in a population\u2010based prescription database. The results did not hold for broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics or in a sensitivity analysis. The results are partly not the same as those found in a pharmacoepidemiological study with a similar design using two US pregnancy databases. Both studies can suffer from bias and confounding, but these will be different because of the use of different databases. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T03:11:34Z","timestamp":1336014694000},"page":"865-871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Are antibiotics related to oral combination contraceptive failures in the Netherlands? A case\u2010crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Petra C.","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health Services  365\/ArboNed Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens H.J.","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology &amp; PharmacoEconomics, Department of Pharmacy University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolkje T.W.","family":"de Jong van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology &amp; PharmacoEconomics, Department of Pharmacy University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102s935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01532-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drugs Statistics Methodology.ATC\/DDD Index 2005.2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2002.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Gebruik van orale anticonceptiva in de jaren 1994\u20132002: wel anders, niet minder [Use of oral contraceptives in the years 1994\u20132002: different but not less]","volume":"149","author":"Vroom F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04087-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.21.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"e10","article-title":"The way women perceive teratogenic risk","volume":"14","author":"Koren G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3267","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T05:40:03Z","timestamp":1698644403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3267","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]}}}