{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:08:39Z","timestamp":1773220119591,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In light of the increasing usage of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in other countries, we reviewed the prescribing pattern of AEDs in Singapore over the last 10\u2009years (2000\u20132009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of pharmacy dispensing records solicited from the only children's hospital in Singapore was performed to analyze the trend in AEDs prescribing in the last 10\u2009years. We also examined the correlation between the serum concentrations of valproic acid (VPA), the most\u2010prescribed AED, and seizure control. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were then performed on the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 41\u2009671 prescriptions on AEDs were retrieved and analyzed. Despite the introduction of the second\u2010generation AEDs, the first generation AEDs still dominate epilepsy treatment in Asian children, with VPA being the mostly prescribed AED (about 40% of the total AEDs usage). The majority of patients (62.8%) were on monotherapy. The mean VPA serum concentration in patients with good seizure control was 68.6\u2009\u00b5g\/ml (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926.4\u2009\u00b5g\/ml; range\u2009=\u200912.2\u2013138.0 \u00b5g\/ml), which was statistically higher than the mean VPA concentration of 57.7 \u00b5g\/ml (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927.1\u2009\u00b5g\/ml; range\u2009=\u200911.1\u2010149.0 \u00b5g\/ml) in patients with poor seizure control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With VPA being the most prescribed AED in our clinical practice, and the finding in this study that with careful classification of the patients' condition, serum concentrations of VPA generally correlate well with the seizure control, the correct dose titration of VPA with therapeutic drug monitoring is still of paramount importance. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T06:41:27Z","timestamp":1338964887000},"page":"1074-1080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A retrospective study on the usage of antiepileptic drugs in Asian children from 2000 to 2009 in the largest pediatric hospital in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wei Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department KK Women's &amp; Children's Hospital Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sing Teang","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derrick W.S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Medicine, Neurology Services KK Women &amp; Children Hospital Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809358924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Pattern of anti\u2010epileptic drug usuage in a tertiary referral hospital in Singapore","volume":"2","author":"Lim SH","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol J Southeast Asia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199704000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug utilisation and seizure outcome among paediatric patients in a Malaysian public hospital","volume":"51","author":"Hasan SS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0480-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"NIfCE (NICE).The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"SIGN (SIGN).Diagnosis and management of epilepsies in children and young people \u2010 a national clinical guideline. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2007.0144","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007","volume":"9","author":"Wheless JW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug selection in pediatric epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Crumrine PK","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2001.0s006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009355161"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T23:29:55Z","timestamp":1714001395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3293","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]}}}