{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:17:35Z","timestamp":1778941055627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription opioid analgesic (POA)\u2010related burden of disease \u2013 including mortality \u2013 is high and constitutes a major public health problem in the US and Canada. Associations between the overall levels of POA consumption and key related morbidity indicators in the population have been demonstrated. We examined potential correlations between levels of consumption of four commonly used POAs and related mortality in British Columbia (BC) and Ontario.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the correlation between annual population standardized rates of fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine and oxycodone\u2010related mortality (based on provincial coroners' data) and the annual Defined Daily Doses per 1000 population\/day for each of the drugs dispensed (based on representative retail pharmacy sales data) in the two provinces, 2005\u20102009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Death rates increased for three (Ontario) and two (BC) of the four POA drugs; the rate of deaths for each POA drug was consistently higher in the jurisdiction with higher use levels. For each drug, strong correlations (range 0.83 to 0.97; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.003) were found between POA use and mortality levels; consistent within\u2010province correlations were found for two drugs (hydromorphone and oxycodone).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings of strong correlations between select POA use and mortality levels reflect similar evidence from elsewhere on correlations between POA consumption and morbidity or mortality indicators. In the context of high and increasing levels of POA consumption in Canada, efforts to reduce POA\u2010related mortality may require a comprehensively revised approach towards more appropriate and safer prescribing to reduce POA use volumes together with more effective monitoring of POA medications. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T14:38:40Z","timestamp":1358174320000},"page":"438-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["High correlations between levels of consumption and mortality related to strong prescription opioid analgesics in British Columbia and Ontario, 2005 \u2013 2009"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto  Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs: Overdoses of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers \u2010 United States 1999 \u2010 2008 2011.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6043a4.htm[14 June 2012]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526\u20104637.2011.01062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v27n01_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12927\/hcq.2011.22153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"PedersonK.The British Columbia Coroners Service: a perspective on prescription opiates 2011.http:\/\/www.csam.org\/files\/Pederson_\u2010_BC_Coroners.pdf[12 June 2012]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Office of the Chief Coroner Ontario.Latest Data on Deaths Associated with Narcotics in Ontario 2011(provided 9 June 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500293845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board. Narcotic Drugs Technical Report: Estimated World Requirements for 2012 \u2010 Statistics for 2010 2011.http:\/\/www.incb.org\/incb\/en\/narcotic\u2010drugs\u2010technical\u2010report_2011.html[14 June 2012]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.21998"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:58:11Z","timestamp":1698627491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]}}}