{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:18:32Z","timestamp":1765887512131},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan","award":["99TFDA-P-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99TFDA-P-041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory\u2010tract infections and patterns in prescriptions of cough and cold medications among young children who were suffering from viral respiratory tract infections (vRTIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study to examine vRTI\u2010episode occurrence and cold\u2010medication utilization in outpatients in 2007 using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. One\u2010third of the children under 12\u2009years of age who had at least one outpatient visit for a vRTI as randomly selected from NHIRD were included in the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 895\u2009942 children had a diagnosis of vRTI (6\u2009144\u2009336 visits) during 2007, 58% of whom were aged 6 to 12\u2009years, and 52% of whom were male. The mean cumulative incidence of vRTIs by ages were 5.6 in infancy, 7.1 in preschool, and 4.0 in school children. The average number of cough and cold medications without other drugs prescribed per visit was two to three. Among cough and cold medications, antihistamines for systemic use were prescribed most frequently (20%), followed by mucolytics (12%), selective beta\u20102 agonists (11%), decongestants for systemic use (10%), and analgesic\u2010antipyretics including acetaminophen (7%) or non\u2010steroid anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (6%). There was considerable variation of prescriptions, which increased with increasing age, where the top 20 prescription accounted for only 36%, 30%, and 25% of all prescriptions in infants, preschool, and school age children, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A more rational use of medicines for treatment of vRTIs in children in Taiwan needs to be developed. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T08:08:48Z","timestamp":1369642128000},"page":"36-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A retrospective study on the usage of cough and cold medications in viral respiratory tract infections in Taiwanese children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ching\u2010Lan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yea\u2010Huei","family":"Kao Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Outcome Research Center 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