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Attributable fractions (AFs) were derived from the ORs to estimate the number and proportion of admissions associated with drug exposure. Results were compared with those obtained from a more conventional method using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) external cause codes to identify admissions related to adverse drug events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved 1\u2009899\u2009699 index hospital admissions. Six of the eight drug groups were associated with an increased risk of unplanned hospitalisation, opioids (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95%CI 1.75\u20131.88; AF\u2009=\u200944.9%) and corticosteroids (1.48, 1.42\u20131.54; 32.2%) linked with the highest risks. For all six, the estimated number of hospitalisations attributed to the medication in the exposed was higher (two to 31\u2010fold) when derived from the case\u2013time\u2013control design compared with identification from ICD codes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides an alternative approach for identifying potentially harmful medications and suggests that the use of ICD external causes may underestimate adverse drug events. It takes drug exposure into account, can be applied to individual medications and may overcome under\u2010reporting issues associated with conventional methods. The approach shows great potential as part of a post\u2010marketing pharmacovigilance monitoring system in Australia and elsewhere. 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