{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:32:32Z","timestamp":1790688752679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine which medications are most commonly used by women in the first trimester of pregnancy and identify the critical gaps in information about fetal risk for those medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported first\u2010trimester medication use was assessed among women delivering liveborn infants without birth defects and serving as control mothers in two large case\u2013control studies of major birth defects. The Teratology Information System (TERIS) expert Advisory Board ratings of quality and quantity of data available to assess fetal risk were reviewed to identify information gaps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responses from 5381 mothers identified 54 different medication components used in the first trimester by at least 0.5% of pregnant women, including 31 prescription and 23 over\u2010the\u2010counter medications. The most commonly used prescription medication components reported were progestins from oral contraceptives, amoxicillin, progesterone, albuterol, promethazine, and estrogenic compounds. The most commonly used over\u2010the\u2010counter medication components reported were acetaminophen, ibuprofen, docusate, pseudoephedrine, aspirin, and naproxen. Among the 54 most commonly used medications, only two had \u201cGood to Excellent\u201d data available to assess teratogenic risk in humans, based on the TERIS review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For most medications commonly used in pregnancy, there are insufficient data available to characterize the fetal risk fully, limiting the opportunity for informed clinical decisions about the best management of acute and chronic disorders during pregnancy. Future research efforts should be directed at these critical knowledge gaps. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T10:10:10Z","timestamp":1375092610000},"page":"1013-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Medications in the first trimester of pregnancy: most common exposures and critical gaps in understanding fetal risk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Phoebe G.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Gilboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hernandez\u2010Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet D.","family":"Cragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California  San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Washington State University  Spokane WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kweder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of New Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center Boston University  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Honein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The National Birth Defects Prevention Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Micromedex Reproductive Risk Information System (REPRORISK)","author":"Friedman JM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"FDA product labels accessed for pregnancy categories at Dailymed.http:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/about.cfm. (accessed 15 May 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Federal Register","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2005.14.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200624030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182238c57"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation","author":"Briggs GB","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0769"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3495","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:45:33Z","timestamp":1698626733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3495","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]]}}}