{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:26:56Z","timestamp":1772015216110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015693","name":"Purdue Pharma L.P.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abuse and misuse of prescription opioids are serious public health problems. Abuse\u2010deterrent formulations are an intervention to balance risk mitigation with appropriate patient access. This study evaluated the effects of physicochemical barriers to crushing and dissolving on safety outcomes associated with extended\u2010release oxycodone (ERO) tablets (OxyContin) using a national surveillance system of poison centers. Other single\u2010entity (SE) oxycodone tablets and heroin were used as comparators and to assess substitution effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Poison Data System covering all US poison centers was used to measure changes in exposures in the year before versus the 2\u2009years after introduction of reformulated ERO (7\/2009\u20136\/2010 vs 9\/2010\u20139\/2012). Outcomes included abuse, therapeutic errors affecting patients, and accidental exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After ERO reformulation, abuse exposures decreased 36% for ERO, increased 20% for other SE oxycodone, and increased 42% for heroin. Therapeutic errors affecting patients decreased 20% for ERO and increased 19% for other SE oxycodone. Accidental exposures decreased 39% for ERO, increased 21% for heroin, and remained unchanged for other SE oxycodone. During the study period, other interventions to reduce opioid abuse occurred, for example, educational and prescription monitoring programs. However, these have shown small effects and do not explain a drop for ERO exposures but not for other opioids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After ERO reformulation, calls to poison centers involving abuse, therapeutic errors affecting patients, and accidental exposures decreased for ERO, but not for comparator opioids. Abuse\u2010deterrent formulations of opioid analgesics can reduce abuse, but switching to other accessible non abuse\u2010deterrent opioids might occur. \u00a9 2013 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:39:45Z","timestamp":1381541985000},"page":"1274-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Changes in oxycodone and heroin exposures in the National Poison Data System after introduction of extended\u2010release oxycodone with abuse\u2010deterrent characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Coplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Management and Epidemiology Purdue Pharma L.P.  Stamford CT USA"},{"name":"Adjunct, Department of Clinical Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hrishikesh","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Management and Epidemiology Purdue Pharma L.P.  Stamford CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Sandstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Management and Epidemiology Purdue Pharma L.P.  Stamford CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Management and Epidemiology Purdue Pharma L.P.  Stamford CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard D.","family":"Chilcoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Management and Epidemiology Purdue Pharma L.P.  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March2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.painmed.org\/files\/use\u2010of\u2010opioids\u2010for\u2010the\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010chronic\u2010pain.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"FDA News Release.FDA introduces new safety measures for extended\u2010release and long\u2010acting opioid medications. July 9 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/ucm310870.htm[30 March 2013]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11537940-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.569623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"FDA Guidance for Industry.Abuse\u2010deterrent opioids \u2014 evaluation and labeling. Released on Jan. 9 2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/UCM334743.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"National Drug Intelligence Center.OxyContin diversion and abuse. 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