{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:42Z","timestamp":1786978302332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To perform a comprehensive and systematic review regarding ophthalmic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to systemic drugs to: (i) systematically summarize existing evidence, (ii) identify areas, ophthalmic ADRs or drugs that lacked systematization or assessment (namely drugs with original studies characterizing specific ophthalmic ADRs but without causality assessment nor without meta\u2010analysis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review of several electronic databases (last search 1\/7\/2012): Medline, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, ISI Conference Proceedings, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Google scholar. Search query included: eye, ocular, ophthalmic, ophthalmology, adverse and reaction. Inclusion criteria were: (i) Primary purpose was to assess an ophthalmic ADR to a systemic medication; (ii) Patient evaluation performed by an ophthalmologist; (iii) Studies that specified diagnostic criteria for an ocular ADR. Different types of studies were included and analyzed separately. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility criteria, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 562 studies found, 32 were included (1 systematic review to sildenafil, 11 narrative reviews, 1 trial, 1 prospective study, 6 transversal studies, 6 spontaneous reports and 6 case series). Drugs frequently involved included amiodarone, sildenafil, hydroxychloroquine and biphosphonates. Frequent ophthalmic ADRs included: keratopathy, dry eye and retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To increase evidence about ophthalmic ADRs, there is a need for performing specific systematic reviews, applying strictly the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of ADR and WHO causality assessment of ADRs.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Some ophthalmic ADRs may be frequent, but require ophthalmological examination; therefore, ophthalmologists' education and protocols of collaboration between other specialties whenever they prescribe high\u2010risk drugs are suggestions for the future. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T05:40:52Z","timestamp":1390801252000},"page":"221-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Ophthalmic adverse drug reactions to systemic drugs: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Miguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS) and Department of Health Information and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Central University Hospital of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Central University Hospital of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Filipe","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS) and Department of Health Information and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altamiro Costa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS) and Department of Health Information and Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology.Fundamentals and principles in basic Ophthalmology. Section 2 in AAO's Basic and Clinical Science Course Vol.2 2012;249\u2013265."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32831bc0ad"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Drug induced uveitis","volume":"80","author":"Cano Parra J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00129-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000143688.45232.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520340027021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.15.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7406.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01717-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488607779315507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2.4.411"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Ocular & visual side effects of systemic drugs \u2010 clinically relevant Toxicology and patient management","volume":"11","author":"Wren VQ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Beh Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"The Cochrane Collaboration.Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.0.0.2008;434\u2013449."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"International Drug Monitoring: The Role of the Hospital","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Draft Guidelines for Adverse Event Reporting and Learning Systems.2005. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/patientsafety\/events\/05\/Reporting_Guidelines.pdf[September 2013]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Available at:http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc\/structure_and_principles\/[October 2013]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"2229","article-title":"Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions","volume":"49","author":"Hartwig SC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"538","article-title":"Focusing on the preventability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"27","author":"Schumock GT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Textbook of adverse drug reactions","author":"Rawlins MD","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90866-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1991.tb00241.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Adverse ocular reactions to oral contraceptive use","volume":"20","author":"Malek N","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contracept Fertil Sex"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(93)71906-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72902-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199512040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(96)00195-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0275-5408.1999.tb00011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1999.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199512000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.079002175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01024-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.2.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2007.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.45156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2009.00933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533180-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-010-0119-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31825420a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group.The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine. Available at:http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/index.aspx?o=5653[26th August 2013]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","first-page":"462","article-title":"Glaucoma and psychotropic drugs","volume":"158","author":"Rosselet E","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)03392-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1963.tb03564.x","article-title":"The occurrence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in patients on long\u2010term systemic corticosteroid therapy","volume":"41","author":"Sundmark E","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Ophthal"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.3566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.3566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T13:33:24Z","timestamp":1716471204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.3566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.3566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3566","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]]}}}