{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:42:33Z","timestamp":1757698953903},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several clinical trials have shown that rhythm\u2010control drugs have serious adverse events and no survival advantage over rate\u2010control drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation. The objectives were to determine and explain the recent trends in outpatient prescribing of both drug classes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained over 10\u2009years from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Visits by patients with atrial fibrillation were identified by ICD\u20109 diagnosis code 427.31. Trend lines were estimated for drug prescribing and comorbidities. A multinomial logistic model was estimated to predict treatment on the basis of visit characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of visits mentioning only a rate\u2010control medication trended upward (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07) from 41.9% in 2001 to 47.3% in 2010; the percentage mentioning both rhythm\u2010control and rate\u2010control drugs also had an upward trend (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) from 3.1% to 12.5%; finally, the percentage mentioning rhythm\u2010control drugs alone remained steady (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37). Consistent with the increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10) in the percentage of visits mentioning hypertension, there was a statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) rise in the prescribing of \u03b2\u2010blockers from 20.5% to 43.4%. The odds that a patient aged 65\u2009years or younger was prescribed a rhythm\u2010control medication were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than those for a patient older than 65\u2009years. The estimated odds that a diabetic patient was prescribed both rhythm\u2010control and rate\u2010control medications was only 0.269 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study documents change in the outpatient treatment of atrial fibrillation in the USA from 2001\u20132010. In clinical practice, there has been a growing reliance on rate\u2010control medications. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T11:18:47Z","timestamp":1394623127000},"page":"539-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trends in the outpatient treatment of atrial fibrillation in the USA from 2001 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Amarsinh M.","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center  Cincinnati OH 45267 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Cavanaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center  Cincinnati OH 45267 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibha C. 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