{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1770039221441,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The generalisability of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) may be limited by restrictive entry criteria or by their experimental nature. Observational research can provide complementary findings but is prone to bias. Employing propensity score matching, to reduce such bias, we compared the real\u2010life effect of cinacalcet use on all\u2010cause mortality (ACM) with findings from the Evaluation of Cinacalcet Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events (EVOLVE) RCT in chronic haemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incident adult haemodialysis patients receiving cinacalcet, recruited in a prospective observational cohort from 2007\u20132009 (AROii; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910,488), were matched to non\u2010exposed patients regardless of future exposure status. The effect of treatment crossover was investigated with inverse probability of censoring weighted and lag\u2010censored analyses. EVOLVE ACM data were analysed largely as described for the primary composite endpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AROii patients receiving cinacalcet (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009532) were matched to 1790 non\u2010exposed patients. The treatment effect of cinacalcet on ACM in the main AROii analysis (hazard ratio 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78\u20131.35]) was closer to the null than for the Intention to Treat (ITT) analysis of EVOLVE (0.94 [95%CI 0.85\u20131.04]). Adjusting for non\u2010persistence by 0\u2010 and 6\u2010month lag\u2010censoring and by inverse probability of censoring weight, the hazard ratios in AROii (0.76 [95%CI 0.51\u20131.15], 0.84 [95%CI 0.60\u20131.18] and 0.79 [95%CI 0.56\u20131.11], respectively) were comparable with those of EVOLVE (0.82 [95%CI 0.67\u20131.01], 0.83 [95%CI 0.73\u20130.96] and 0.87 [95%CI 0.71\u20131.06], respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Correcting for treatment crossover, we observed results in the \u2018real\u2010life\u2019 setting of the AROii observational cohort that closely mirrored the results of the EVOLVE RCT. Persistence\u2010corrected analyses revealed a trend towards reduced ACM in haemodialysis patients receiving cinacalcet therapy. \u00a9 2015 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety<\/jats:italic> Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T10:14:30Z","timestamp":1432635270000},"page":"738-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Propensity score matching and persistence correction to reduce bias in comparative effectiveness: the effect of cinacalcet use on all\u2010cause mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain A.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amgen Ltd  Uxbridge 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