{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:18:30Z","timestamp":1773533910716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH (NIDDK)","award":["R01 DK080111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK080111"]}]},{"name":"NIH (NIDDK)","award":["K23 DK085378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DK085378"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The comparative effectiveness of dihydropyridine (DHP) and non\u2010DHP calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in maintenance dialysis patients has not been well\u2010studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort of hypertensive patients initiating dialysis was created. New CCB initiators, defined as individual who had no evidence of CCB use in the first 90\u2009days of dialysis but who were initiated by day 180, were followed from their first day of medication exposure until event or censoring; events consisted of all\u2010cause mortality (ACM) and a combined endpoint of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality (CVMM). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) comparing the effect of DHPs vs. non\u2010DHPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 2900 and 2704 new initiators of CCBs in the ACM and CVMM models, respectively. Adjusted for other factors, use of DHPs, compared to non\u2010DHPs, was associated with an AHR of 0.77 (99% confidence intervals, 0.64 \u2013 0.93, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004) for ACM and 0.86 (0.72 \u2013 1.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) for CVMM. Results were similar when individuals who initiated therapy at any point after the cohort inception were included, with AHRs of 0.60 (0.53 \u2013 0.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 0.77 (0.67 \u2013 0.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) for ACM and CVMM, respectively. Further, elimination of individuals with chronic atrial fibrillation resulted in AHRs of 0.71 and 0.70 for ACM and CVVM, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DHPs, as compared to non\u2010DHPs, were associated with reduced hazard of death or cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; potential mechanisms of action require further study. 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