{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:05:39Z","timestamp":1792782339017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01GY1329B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY1329B"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01GY1320B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GY1320B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of different methods suggested for approximation of drug prescription durations in claims data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We expanded a well\u2010established modeling and simulation framework to compare approximated drug prescription durations with \u2018true\u2019 (i.e., simulated) durations. Real claims data of persons aged \u226565\u2009years insured by the German nationwide \u2018Statutory Health Insurance Fund\u2019 AOK between 2010 and 2012 provided empiric input parameters that were completed with missing information on actual dosing patterns from an observational cohort. The distinct approximation methods were based on crude measures (one tablet a day), population\u2010averaged measures (defined daily doses), or individually\u2010derived measures (longitudinal coverage approximation of the applied dose, COV). As a proof\u2010of\u2010principle, we assessed the methods' performance to predict the well\u2010characterized bleeding risks of anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and\/or non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When applied to modeling and simulation data sets, the closest, least biased, and thus most accurate approximation was observed using the COV approximation. In a real\u2010data example, rather similar results to an external reference were obtained for all methods. However, some of the differences between methods were meaningful, and the most reasonable and consistent results were obtained with the COV approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on theoretically most accurate approximations and practically reasonable estimates, the individual COV approach was preferable over the population\u2010averaged defined daily dose technique, although the latter might be justified in certain situations. Advantages of the COV approach are expected to be even bigger for drug therapies with particularly large dosing heterogeneity. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T02:43:11Z","timestamp":1473993791000},"page":"1434-1442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative evaluation of methods approximating drug prescription durations in claims data: modeling, simulation, and application to real data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Meid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Heider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen\u2010Bernhard","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WIdO)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Quinzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herrmann","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Network Aging Research University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"G\u00fcnster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WIdO)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Helmut","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter E.","family":"Haefeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199202040-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00667.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2010.0543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7456.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102073240604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1A333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp060641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-014-1745-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00234-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Design and validation of a data simulation model for longitudinal healthcare data","volume":"2011","author":"Murray RE","year":"2011","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for drug statistics methodology. 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