{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:56:57Z","timestamp":1763535417723},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of statins on cytokine\u2010mediated inflammatory responses may impact on the prognosis of influenza. We assessed whether statin use decreases the incidence of adverse influenza\u2010related outcomes. Additionally, we used a new\u2010user study design to minimize healthy user bias. We further examined the possibility of non\u2010causal associations by using unrelated outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink to identify all patients aged 30 or older diagnosed with influenza\u2010like illness during 1997\u20132010. Statin users were compared with propensity score\u2010matched patients not receiving statins. The outcome was hospitalization for influenza or pneumonia or death in the 30\u2009days following influenza diagnosis. Logistic regression estimated cumulative incidence ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort included 5181 statin users matched to 5181 non\u2010users. The 30\u2010day incidence of hospitalization or death was 3.5% in statin users and 5.2% in non\u2010users, resulting in a 27% lower incidence with statin use (cumulative incidence ratio: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.59\u20130.89). New statin users were less protected against our composite outcome. The effect of statins was less pronounced among those with respiratory and cardiac disease. Statin use was shown to be associated with a non\u2010statistically significant risk reduction of motor vehicle accident and burns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The attenuation of the effect of statins with the new\u2010user design, supporting evidence from the assessment of effect modification, and additional sub\u2010analyses evaluating the effect of statins on non\u2010related outcomes suggest that the beneficial effect of statins on influenza\u2010related adverse outcomes may be explained by a healthy user bias. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T06:33:57Z","timestamp":1475217237000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effect of statins on influenza\u2010like illness morbidity and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Brassard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dell'Aniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brielan","family":"Smiechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Suissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Influenza (Seasonal): Fact Sheet N\u00b0211. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs211\/en\/index.html. Accessed October 52015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008965.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cms059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62449-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70041-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis on the association between outpatient statins use and infectious disease\u2010related mortality","volume":"7","author":"Ma Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.824151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2010.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04248-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"Public Health England. Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Available at:http:\/\/www.apho.org.uk\/default.aspx?RID=39400. Accessed October 52015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"Health & Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC). Hospital Episode Statistics (HES): Description. Available at:http:\/\/www.datadictionary.nhs.uk\/data_dictionary\/nhs_business_definitions\/h\/hospital_episode_statistics_de.asp. Accessed October 52015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1429-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1718OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1609-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00012"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.4112","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.4112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.4112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T09:41:05Z","timestamp":1696498865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.4112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.4112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4112","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8569","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]}}}