{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:04:45Z","timestamp":1790060685445,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid analgesics are commonly used to treat vaso\u2010occlusive pain episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD), but comprehensive evidence characterizing opioid use in this patient population is limited. Our objective was to characterize opioid use patterns among SCD patients using a large nationwide database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large, US medical claims database was utilized to identify a cohort of 3882 SCD patients, and characteristics of opioid use were analyzed. Clinical variables including age, gender, medication use, health care utilization, and medical history were evaluated for correlations with opioid use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty percent of patients took opioid medications during a 12\u2010month span, and the prevalence of any opioid use was highest for 20 to 29\u2010year\u2010old patients (58%). The median daily opioid dose was 1.85\u00a0mg (interquartile range: 0.62\u201310.68\u00a0mg) oral morphine equivalents (OME). While most opioid users took between 0 and 5\u00a0mg OME daily, 3% of pediatric patients and 23% of adult patients used more than 30\u2010mg OME daily. High\u2010dose opioid use was associated with older age, hydroxyurea therapy, nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and frequent inpatient hospitalizations. In multivariable\u2010adjusted analyses, patients with vaso\u2010occlusive complications such as pain crisis (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.8, 95% CI 2.7\u20135.3) and avascular necrosis (AVN) (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.7, 95% CI 2.7\u20135.1) were associated with high\u2010dose opioid use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that only 40% SCD patients were on opioid analgesics during a 12\u2010month span. However, a non\u2010trivial number of patients used a much higher dose of opioids despite a relatively low average daily opioid dose among SCD patients, particularly with vaso\u2010occlusive complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T07:15:30Z","timestamp":1502954130000},"page":"479-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Characterization of opioid use in sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Section of 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