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BMD and medication use were measured annually. We compared BMD among new users of acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids. Adjustment for baseline covariates was conducted through propensity score matching weights. On\u2010treatment analysis was conducted with inverse probability of censoring weights. Analysis based on the initial treatment group was also conducted to provide insights into selection bias. Repeated BMD measurements were examined with generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 71 acetaminophen new users, 659 NSAID new users, and 84 opioid new users among 2365 participants. In the on\u2010treatment analysis, the opioid group in comparison to the acetaminophen group had an additional average BMD decline of \u22120.06% [\u22121.24, 1.11] per year in the spine and \u22120.45% [\u22121.51, 0.61] per year in the femoral neck. BMD mean trajectories over time suggested a fifth\u2010year decline in the opioid persistent users compared with other 2 groups. In the initial treatment group analysis, all 3 groups showed similar trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BMD decline over time was similar among the 3 groups. However, 5\u00a0years of continuous opioid use may be associated with a greater BMD decline than 5\u00a0years on other analgesics. Further studies examining the relationship between very long\u2010term persistent opioid use and BMD are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T08:05:35Z","timestamp":1513065935000},"page":"182-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of analgesics on bone mineral density: A longitudinal analysis of the prospective SWAN cohort with three\u2010group matching weights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail A.","family":"Greendale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Ruppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinjuan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara K.","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8333-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Haneuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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