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The exposure and nonexposure groups were randomly 1:1 frequency\u2010matched according to age, sex, income, urbanization level, hypertension, and diabetes. Incidence of each retinal vascular complication and hazard ratios were assessed in the follow\u2010up evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the sample of 4736 patients, a total of 182 patients (3.84%) developed retinopathy during the follow\u2010up period, of which 110 patients (4.65%) received interferon\u2010ribavirin therapy and 72 patients (3.04%) did not receive interferon\u2010ribavirin therapy. After multivariate adjustments, the risk of retinopathy during the follow\u2010up period was 1.533 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.139\u20102.064;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0048) times higher in patients receiving interferon\u2010ribavirin therapy than in those in the comparison cohort not receiving the therapy. Patients with hypertension compared with those without it (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.530; 95% CI, 1.069\u20102.135;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0125) also had an increased risk of retinopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon\u2010ribavirin therapy was associated with a 53.3% increased risk of retinal vascular complications compared with not receiving the therapy. Regular ophthalmologic examination is essential for patients receiving interferon\u2010ribavirin, particularly those with hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1512547726000},"page":"191-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retinal vascular complications associated with interferon\u2010ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chien\u2010Hsiung","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8080-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao\u2010Hsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene National Taiwan University College of Public Health Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau\u2010Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene National Taiwan University College of Public Health Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Chi","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Yen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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