{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:29:25Z","timestamp":1740104965420,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSF223200910006I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSF223200910006I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System developed parameterized, reusable analytic programs for evaluation of medical product safety. Research on outpatient antibiotic exposures, and <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> infection (CDI) with non\u2010user reference groups led us to expect a higher rate of CDI among outpatient clindamycin users vs penicillin users. We evaluated the ability of the Cohort Identification and Descriptive Analysis and Propensity Score Matching tools to identify a higher rate of CDI among clindamycin users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We matched new users of outpatient dispensings of oral clindamycin or penicillin from 13 Data Partners 1:1 on propensity score and followed them for up to 60\u00a0days for development of CDI. We used Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by Data Partner and matched pair to compare CDI incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propensity score models at 3 Data Partners had convergence warnings and a limited range of predicted values. We excluded these Data Partners despite adequate covariate balance after matching. From the 10 Data Partners where these models converged without warnings, we identified 807\u00a0919 new clindamycin users and 8\u00a0815\u00a0441 new penicillin users eligible for the analysis. The stratified analysis of 807\u00a0769 matched pairs included 840 events among clindamycin users and 290 among penicillin users (hazard ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 2.53, 3.31).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This evaluation produced an expected result and identified several potential enhancements to the Propensity Score Matching tool. This study has important limitations. CDI risk may have been related to factors other than the inherent properties of the drugs, such as duration of use or subsequent exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1521110182000},"page":"731-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the US Food and Drug Administration sentinel analysis tools in confirming previously observed drug\u2010outcome associations: The case of clindamycin and <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Carnahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Kuntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research\u2014Northwest  Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7761-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirley V.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candace","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5092-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles E.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamra","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Archdeacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Panozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sengwee","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Katcoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aarthi","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Axtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1843-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Chrischilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02176-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/667733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1501-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc053654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/496986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.2989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.18.1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2319"}],"container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpds.4420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pds.4420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T01:54:10Z","timestamp":1695002050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pds.4420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pds.4420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1053-8569"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1557"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]}}}