{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:41:18Z","timestamp":1789922478102,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005205","name":"Janssen Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010006\u2010025\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010006\u2010025\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safety of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in Asia\u2010Pacific countries has had limited study. We assessed the risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal events with loxoprofen and mefenamic acid compared with other NSAIDs in Asia\u2010Pacific populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cohort study using a distributed network with a common data model in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We included patients who initiated diclofenac, loxoprofen, mefenamic acid, or celecoxib and followed them until their first gastrointestinal hospitalization, switch or discontinuation of medication, disenrollment, or end of database coverage. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess hospitalization risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 9879 patients in Japan, 70\u00a0492 in Taiwan, 263\u00a0741 in Korea, and 246 in Hong Kong who initiated an NSAID, and 44\u00a0013 patients in Australia, a predominantly Caucasian population. The incidence of gastrointestinal hospitalization was 25.6 per 1000 person\u2010years in Japan, 32.8 in Taiwan, 11.5 in Korea, 484.5 in Hong Kong, and 35.6 in Australia. Compared with diclofenac, the risk of gastrointestinal events with loxoprofen was significantly lower in Korea (hazards ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25\u20100.54) but not in Japan (1.65; 95% CI, 0.47\u20105.78). The risk of gastrointestinal events with mefenamic acid was significantly lower in Taiwan (0.45; 95% CI, 0.26\u20100.78) and Korea (0.11; 95% CI, 0.05\u20100.27) but not Hong Kong (2.16; 95% CI, 0.28\u201016.87), compared with diclofenac.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with diclofenac, loxoprofen was associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in Korea and mefenamic acid with a lower risk in Taiwan and Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T23:05:13Z","timestamp":1537398313000},"page":"1223-1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparative safety of NSAIDs for gastrointestinal events in Asia\u2010Pacific populations: A multi\u2010database, international cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Edward Chia\u2010Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National Cheng Kung University Hospital  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u2010Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K.C.","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Office of Drug Utilization Review Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Roughead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C.K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcome Research Center National Cheng\u2010Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yea\u2010Huei","family":"Kao Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Outcome Research Center National Cheng\u2010Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soko","family":"Setoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University School of Medicine  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick NJ USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health Rutgers University  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Asian Pharmacoepidemiology Network (AsPEN).http:\/\/aspennet.asia\/. 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